God and Morality Essay

The question is this – Is it possible to be of good moral character while not believing in God? Looking at the definition of morality as defined in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy the term morality can be used descriptively or actively. A] to refer to some code of conduct put forward by a society or some other group such as religious. Or put forward by a society and is acceptable to an individual for his or her own behavior. B] to refer to a code of conduct that, given specific conditions would be put forward by all rational persons. Morality appears to be separate from religion and although not spoken of or referred to as such there are different groups of moral persons, not all are viewed as good or just. Some examples may include Christian morality, Nazi morality, Greek morality etc. At times etiquette is included as part of morality. Hobbs expresses a standard view when he talks about manners. â€Å"By manners I mean not here decency of behavior, as how one man should salute another, or how a man should wash his mouth or pick his teeth before company and such other parts of small morals, but those qualities of mankind that concern their living together in peace and unity. † (Hobbs, 2010). The laws and our legal system is distinguished by a moral system that includes having written laws or rules, penalties and officials to make the laws and enforce God and Morality pg. 3 the laws and then penalize. Laws are often evaluated on moral grounds. Moral critisism is often used to support a change in a current law or to design a new law. Religion differs from morality or having a moral system. Religious morality is based on stories or events that are past. These stories and events are used to justify the behavior that religion prohibits or requires. At times morality is regarded as the code of conduct that is put forward by religion. Morality is thought by many to need some religious explanation or justification. However, just as with law some practices and precepts are critical on moral grounds. Morals provide us with a guide for conduct, where as religion is always more than that. The definition and description of morality tells us that morality is a belief system that follows the rule of â€Å"goodness†. It is similar to a â€Å"blanket† over society and is separate from religion. Even in these times morality is always in question. In an article written by a Baltimore Sun journalist titled â€Å"The Morality Brigade. † The writer expresses his opinion onto his readers stating that â€Å"We’re still legislating and regulating private morality, while at the same time ignoring the much larger crisis of public morality in America. † (Reich, R. 2013) He continues on to back up his accusations. He writes that legislatures in North Dakota passed a bill banning abortions after 6 weeks. (At which time a heart beat is detectable) as well as approved a fall referendum that could ban all abortions by defining human life beginning at the time of conception. He continues on that these same legislatures God and Morality pg. 4 â€Å"worry about fetuses but they show little concern for what happens to children after they are born. They and other conservatives have been cutting funding for child nutrition, health care for infants and their mothers, and schools. † (Reich, R. 2013). This is just an example of American Morality. So it seems that at this point I have defined what morality is and how it can be applied. I have also touched on Religion and Morality being a very separate entity. Now I will discuss God and Morals. It is very possible for a person to not believe in God and posses high moral standards. Understanding that the person being moral is not due to their belief in God, it is independent of that. Having a belief in God is dogmatic to say the least. There is no rational way to say that God exists. To believe in God one must bypass reason and embrace faith. This is ok if believing in God gives a person comfort and security, although if we tie God to morality it may become problematic. Something as important and influential as morality should not be based on a dogma. If there is no proof that God exists beyond a shadow of a doubt than why do people still believe? Indoctrinate plays more of a role than rational and clear thinking. Religious indoctrination caters to our psychological insecurities and needs, not to reason. Think of some things that we know do not exist. An example would be the tooth fairy or maybe unicorns. We are proud to be skeptical and disapproving, however religion tells us when it comes to believing in God, faith is a virtue. God and Morality pg. 5. Morality is an autonomous human virtue that is independent of God. Otherwise, it would not be possible that atheists behave with impeccable moral standards and so many God believers do not have any morals. Let it also be noted that the great moral traditions of the world do not bring God into morality. Two of the most recognized and adored moral traditions in the east, Confucianism and Buddhism do not believe in God. The roots of morality in the west are in the idea of ancient Greeks, especially Plato and Aristotle who based their morality on reason alone, not on any dogma. It appears that religions who originate in the Middle East have a pronounced inclination to base morality on God. These same religions are also the most violent ones in history, killing many in the name of God. There is no evidence that theists are more moral than monotheists. Physiological studies have failed to find a significant correlation between the frequency of religious worship and moral conduct. An example is that convicted criminals are much more likely to be theists than not. With this being said it is a clear assumption that good people do good because they want to do good. It is not because they personally benefit from the good they do or because they are being forced. Fundamentalists perceive that the universal moral standards are required for the proper function of a society. Philosophers as diverse as Plato, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, George Edward Moore, and John Rawls have demonstrated to us that it is possible to have universal morality without having a belief in God. God and Morality pg. 6 As is stated by Paul Kurtz â€Å"One needs no theological grounds to justify these elementary principles. They are rooted in Human experience. † (Kurtz, P.1996) Now we will discuss that morality and God are linked and that religious beliefs are linked to the morality of each and every person who chooses to live their life in a moral way. If God does not exist, says Dostoyevsky’s Ivan Karamazov, â€Å"everything is permitted,† which means that we as humans can make choices whether they are good or bad, hurtful or nice. The direction in which society is going in suggests that people have lost their â€Å"way†. Too many bad things happen due to human badness. God is no longer allowed in public places, schools, government agencies, etc. This argument suggests that because God has slowly disappeared from our day to day lives society is going downhill at a very fast pace. Does this mean that God is linked to morals in our modern society? Fundamentalists claim that all ill’s in today’s society such as aids and out of wed lock pregnancy are a direct result of a breakdown in morality and this breakdown is due to a decline in the belief in God. The view that God created the moral law is often called the â€Å"Divine Command Theory of Ethics† According to this view is that what makes an action right is that God wills it to be done. All standards that we live by have consequences if not followed or adhered to. There is the fear of punishment. If we speed in our car we are given a ticket. If we God and Morality pg. 7 Sin our souls will spend eternity in hell. Heaven and Hell are often construed as the carrot and the stick that God dangles in front of to make us tow the line, to keep on the straight and narrow. Heaven is the reward and hell is the punishment. Would society be able to function correctly and morally if these rewards and punishments were not in plain view? We have lawmakers and peacekeepers all over the world to help make and enforce the laws so that people know there are consequences. Morals are no different. They help define a person’s goodness and worthiness of the ultimate reward, eternity in heaven. Moral standards without moral sanctions just simply do not mean much. Any person who thinks that it is sufficient to have relative standards that are based upon what groups or individuals feel is right or just cannot see a connection between God and morality. Moral principles such as don’t steal, don’t murder etc.must be objective and practiced by all putting aside any personal conflicts. When people accept moral principles without having a reason to they do not hold these principles as closely as someone who believes in God simply because there are no carrot or stick to hold them in place where they need to be, rather a personal belief or a mandated belief by societal rules in what is right or wrong If we recognize that God does exist than we recognize that God created the world and mankind in his own likeness. For this argument it makes sense to say that God controls the world which justifies ethical obligations. To deny God’s existence we God and Morality pg. 8 Are ethically obligated to what exactly? We typically learn morality from our parents and from those we love, we are conditioned to follow a morally righteous path in life, however to have such a standard of moral obligation can only be granted by God, binding every person and demanding such impeccable respect. By letting God into our lives we are accepting good instead of evil, we are consummating the fact that we are moral and ethical. By allowing God’s teachings and praise into our lives we are promised a more enriching morally accepted life. My view prior to doing any research was that Yes! You can lead a moral life without having a belief in God. I was raised Catholic, I even went to Catholic school, however, I have questioned my own religion over the years and now I have turned my back on it. I do bring my children to church which allows them to draw their own conclusions about God. I want them to have that choice in life and of course I would never condemn them for believing in God. It is just my personal choice. I live in the Bible belt and I always get asked the question, â€Å"where do you go to church? † I typically tell them that I do not go to church, which is similar to having the plague. It is not that I am not a good person. I feel that I am. Any morals and values that I have my parents have instilled in me. I also believe that the â€Å"rules† or commandments of God are simply a guide established at the time the bible was written to keep society in line. I absolutely agree with the fact of you do not have to believe in God to be moral. I make choices everyday and my choices are based on God and Morality pg. 9the things that I believe to be the best choice for the people I love, people I do not know and myself. I have never had any problems reaching out to help another person whether I knew them or not. I also feel that I go above and beyond at times helping others when I need to. Living a good moral life is a choice and I do it for no other reason than to be there for someone else. I do not do it for glory or self righteousness, or because someone is looking, I do it because for me it is all about treating others the way I wish to be treated. God and Morality pg. 10 References Baumin, S. (2008) Antitheism and Morality. Philosophical Forum retrieved March 27, 2013 from http://dx. doi. org/10. 111/j. 1467-9191. 2007. 00282. x Frame and Poythress. A debate between John Frame and Paul Kurtz. Do we Need God to be Moral? retrieved March 25,, 2013 from http:// poythress. org/do-we-need-god-to-be-moral/ Gert, Bernard. (2012) The Definition of Morality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalto (ed. ), retrieved March 27, 2013 from http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/fall2012/entries/morality-definition. Merrill, K. R. (2012) Spectres of False Divinity:Hume’s Moral Atheism. Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http://search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/docview/1288432167. accountid=32521 Reich, R. B. (2013)The Morality Brigade retrieved March 27,2013 from http://baltimoresun. com/opinion/bal-the-morality-brigade-20130326,0,146487 God and Morality pg. 11 Schick, T. Jr. (1995)Morality Requires God†¦. or Does it? Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http://www. secular. humanism. org/index. php? section=library&page=schick_17_3.

Bowling for Columbine Is Not a Documentary Essay

Michael Moore’s ‘Bowling for Columbine’, the film which won an Oscar for best documentary, is not in fact a documentary, but rather more of a persuasive essay in film format. The widely accepted definition of ‘documentary’ is a film emphasizing or expressing things as perceived without distortion of personal feelings, insertion of fictional matter, and minimal editting, and ‘Bowling for Columbine’ does not show any of these characteristics. Instead of presenting a neutral view of the issues, it is clearly biased and purposely manipulates the viewers into agreeing with Moore’s opinions. In the process, Moore frequently uses incorrect statistics and information. In some cases fabricated evidence is also inserted. Documentaries should have close to no editing of the evidence, however in some cases Moore uses sly editing techniques to deceive the viewers. A prominent example of this can be seen in Charlton Heston’s speech. It appears as though the NRA president is holding protest rallies in response to the gun related incidents in Columbine and Flint Michigan, holding a musket up and proclaiming â€Å"I have only five words for you: ‘from my cold dead hands’† whilst the crowd cheers. Moore makes a point of cutting from scenes of heartbroken victims to Heston’s ‘arrogant’ speeches. The purpose of this is to demonize Heston, and also all the members of the NRA. He wants the audience to perceive all gun lovers as heartless, selfish monsters. However on closer observation, it turns out Moore simply grabbed segments from Heston’s former speeches, splicing them together to form a new one, completely different from what the president had intended. Documentaries are meant to lay out the truth, whilst here the film has morphed the truth into a lie instead. Going back to the definition, Bowling for Columbine again falls short of being a documentary through it’s failure to include only correct, factual evidence. Moore chooses to use incorrect ‘facts’; the national gun murder statistics that seem abnormally high are sourced from the National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and is a combination of gun related and non gun related incidents, so is therefore irrelevant to what the documentary was trying to say. The rockets shown in the Lockheed Martin sequences and being driven though the streets of Littleton in the night are in fact space launch vehicles, not weapons of mass destruction as Moore claims. These â€Å"facts†, false in nature, are again put there to distort the truth and make the viewers believe that things are more horrifying than they actually are, so that they are more susceptible to Moore’s mental manipulation. One of the fundamentals of a documentary is that it must present facts, and obviously â€Å"Bowling for Columbine† has not fulfilled that requirement. Throughout â€Å"Bowling for Columbine†, Moore presents an extremely biased view of events. Moore does everything in his power to manipulate viewers into see things from his eyes. Many are many persuasive techniques are used to achieve this. The film horrifies the audience with confronting scenes from the 9/11 attacks and the Columbine shooting. ‘A Brief History of America’ makes people see Americans as cowardly and pathetic. Charlton Heston’s ‘speech’ angers the audience and makes them turn against gun lovers. There are many more examples, however the point is that documentaries should be neutral and informative, yet the film actively tries to force the viewers to a narrow-minded conclusion. In summary, although â€Å"Bowling for Columbine† may be a creative persuasive film, it is most certainly not a documentary. Not only does the film fail to adhere in any way to the definition of a traditional documentary, it largely utilises deceptive techniques to push Moore’s artificial and contrived point of view.

Irena Sendler Essay

She takes the crying baby into her arms, turns her back on the hysterical mother, and walks off into the night. If she’s caught, she and the baby will die. â€Å"Promise me my child will live!† the mother cries desperately after her. She turns for a moment. â€Å"I can’t promise that. But I can promise that if he stays with you, he will die.† Irena Sendler is a heroic woman to say the least. Sendler was born February 15, 1910, in Otwock, a small town southeast of Warsaw, Poland. She was an only child of Catholic parents who devoted much of their lives to help Jewish workers. Her parents raised her to respect and love people regardless of their ethnicity or social status. She was especially influenced by her father, a doctor who defied anti-Semites by treating sick Jews during outbreaks of typhoid fever. Her father died of the disease when Sendler was 9. The last words her dying father told her â€Å"If someone is drowning in a river, you must jump in and try to save them, even if you cannot swim†. Even before the war, Irena had strong loyalties towards Jews. In the 1930s, at Warsaw University, she stood up for her Jewish friends. Jews were forced to sit separately from â€Å"Aryan† students. One day, Irena went to sit on the Jewish side of the room. When the teacher told her to move, she answered, â€Å"I’m Jewish today.† She was expelled immediately. Decades later, under Communist rule, she was considered a subversive; her son and daughter were refused entry into Warsaw University. During the time of the war, Irena was a senior administrator in the Warsaw Social Welfare Department, which was in charge of soup kitchens, located in every district of the city. They distributed meals and gave financial assistance and other services to the poor, elderly, and orphans. From 1939–1942, she was involved in acquiring forged documents, she registered many Jews under Christian names so they could receive services.

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT (research Vodafone plc and British Telecom Essay

FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT (research Vodafone plc and British Telecom plc of Telecommunications company in uk) - Essay Example This report identifies the relevant industry-related and economic-related factors which drive today’s strategic decision-making in both companies. Both Vodafone and BT thrive within a very regulated environment. Depending on the nature of the product or services, various regulation exists which dictate pricing limitations and overall service provision. British Telecom recognizes this and routinely expresses the business’ awareness of regulatory issues and how they relate to the long-term stability of the business. The Chief Executive Officer of Vodafone describes regulation as a risk to â€Å"market share, competitive position and future profitability† (Verwaayen, 2007: 27). From a strategic standpoint, regulation is a routine part of business operations, however when various legislation is provided in different, multinational regions the business must consider whether the foreign environment is worth the investment or whether new market opportunities should be researched. Moving either Vodafone or British Telecom presence into different markets which maintain less regulatory activities (such as price controls) w ould allow the company to have autonomy regarding the provision of competitive pricing which best befits the business model and profit expectations. It is clear that both Vodafone and BT must consider regulatory compliance in many varieties of business decision-making. Regulatory activity also comes in the form of litigation, where different foreign taxing powers regularly assess the value of company activities and demand capital gains taxes or other regional taxing expectations. Currently, Vodafone has appealed a case to the Supreme Court in which the business is being requested by the government in Bombay, India to pay approximately  £2 billion in capital gains taxes (Leahy and Betts, 2008). In a situation where both Vodafone and British Telecom have leveraged the

Understanding food principle and preparation- study guide questions Essay

Understanding food principle and preparation- study guide questions - Essay Example Gelatinization denotes the process of breaking intermolecular bonds in a molecule to allow its hydrogen binding sites to form more hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The main factors that influence gelatinization are the amount of water used, the temperature of the water and the amount of the gelatin. When hot water is added directly to starch, their intermolecular hydrogen bonds are broken. As a result, new hydrogen bonds are formed between the individual molecules and water molecules thereby resulting into lumping. The fresh egg is spheroid with one of the edges slightly larger than the other. It has a cylindrical symmetry along the horizontal axis. The shell is thin and hard. When the egg deteriorates, the shell becomes thinner and slightly less firm. The formation of the gray-green discoloration in a cooked egg is due to the formation of ferrous sulfide at the point where the yolk and the egg white meet. It can be avoided by keeping the eggs in a single layer in the frying

The Future of Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Future of Nursing - Term Paper Example In fact, even the report recommends that even the already registered APRN nurses have to acquire advanced professional studies to improve their training skills. Transformation of Nursing Practice The IOM (2001) gives important report to the transformation of the future nursing as it recommends the need for nursing practice in the healthcare institutions in the US. The demand for practicing nurses is about 10 percent. This implies that the US government has taken initiative to train nurses for the future heal care services. The focus on practicing has transformed the nursing operations to a high level of competence and confidence. The need to practice however faced challenges when the registration of APRN nurses. There is an ongoing negotiation for the ban to be lifted so that Advanced Nurses may continue with their practicing. This is very essential during the discovery of the new healthcare systems focused on the well-being of patients. The competence of nurses to meet the needs of patients is supported by their scientific knowledge and their unlimited abilities to adapt to the changes in the Medicare systems (Shell, 2002). The practicing has developed a reliable number of highly skilled nurses who are able to provide advanced services that could otherwise remain to be the responsibilities of professional physicians. It is not logical to engage highly trained physicians even though they have broader and special training than the APRN nurses. The IOM (2001) recommends that because the future need for more cost effective systems of health services, there should be opportunity for practicing nurses to take roles that are more responsible in the operation of the modern healthcare system. They are not only... This report approves that improvement in nursing education will assist in the process of eradicating ignorance and the risks of unethical and unprofessional services. The solution and the risk mitigation strategy for this possibility are to develop a team of educated workforce. The report argues that effective education model and improved system of education will prepare the future nurses to be able to manage leadership responsibilities. The US government is committed to supporting education geared towards the development of teams of nurses focused on improved quality and reliable outcomes. For the future healthcare to realize the value of nursing profession, then the IOM report argues that there is no substitute to educating nurses. In fact, even the report recommends that even the already registered APRN nurses have to acquire advanced professional studies to improve their training skills. The competence of nurses to meet the needs of patients is supported by their scientific knowl edge and their unlimited abilities to adapt to the changes in the Medicare systems. This essay makes a conclusion that as the US realizes the need and the opportunity to change the system and services in the health care institutions, nurses are able to play vital responsibilities in the process of implementing the transformation. The key recommendation about leadership is that nurses should work with stakeholders to ensure that they provide unlimited high quality healthcare services and at the same time, participate in the decisions that change the working environment in the institutions. Indeed, nurses have strong influence on the outcome of the future healthcare services.

Community Reinvestment Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Reinvestment Act - Essay Example Bylsma (1997) included comments from interagency letter that was forwarded to him this implication: "Examiners will presume that an activity revitalizes or stabilizes a low- or moderate-income geography if the activity has been approved by the governing board of an Although the four financial regulatory agencies neither endorse nor certify particular lending or investment products, this implication keeps businesses that are applying for credit accountable to the banking institutions. Banking institutions carry a burden too and are held accountable to the community and said geography. Banks must help meet the credit needs of their communities. There are many federal regulations that the banking institutions must meet. These include, but are definitely performance tests, standards, and ratings; lending tests; investment tests; strategic planning; data collection, reporting, and disclosure; content and availability for public file, etc. Having stated this, banking institutions are being held accountable to their communities. I do not think the Community Reinvestment Act is taken seriously because there were much planning and work involved. The designation and duties of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Officer of the Comptroller of Currency, Office of Thrift Supervisors, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (just to name of few) comprise of so much detail and responsibilities.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Leadership - Essay Example From a personal perspective, the cost of running an organization should be reflected by the organization performance. On this note, an organization that is laying off its employees and pays high salaries to the executives lacks the capacity to grow (Barkema & Gomez-Mejia, 2010). Notably, there are a number of reasons why organizations offer huge packages to their executive members. The main argument is to avoid executives turn over when business talent is limited and to motivate them to drive the organization to success. My decision to accept or refuse a high package from a failing organization would have consequences. To begin with, paying high salary to top level management will increase the expenses to the organization (Barkema & Gomez-Mejia, 2010). From a personal perspective, accepting the job offer would increase my burden in handling my duties. I would be forced to seek alternative ways to reduce the cost of running the organization. I would prefer an organization that provides less pay but maintains its labor force intact. This way, I would work together with a strong team to achieve higher profits. Increasing the company profits would provide an opportunity to review the salary scales in line with company income. On this note, declining an outrageous offer in failing company would be a wise decision in the long

Essay about a study case analysis of the OIL MARKET

About a study case analysis of the OIL MARKET - Essay Example As opposed to the rest of the world which uses oil more for heat and power, Canada and The United States use oil more for transportation providing a larger market. The Northern Hemisphere provides a larger market during cold months. Developing countries provide a substantial market size but the increasing debt is making them a less targeted market (Luciani 85). The relative price of oil substitutes such as gas also affects the demand for oil. The development of reliable and cheaper oil substitutes may cause a shift in demand away from crude oil towards the emerging substitutes. Research and development of non-oil substitutes has risen since the high oil prices during 2004-2005, even though this can take years to affect the energy market. These substitutes include renewable and alternative fuels like hydropower solar wind geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Related goods can also be compliments of oil or goods that utilize oil and oil products like vehicles. If the prices of vehicles rise then the demand for oil will fall and if the prices of vehicles fall then the demand of oil will rise. This shows that related goods can either be substitutes or complements. The amount of income a country is willing to spend also determines the demand for oil and oil products. If the consumer country has more disposable income then the demand for oil will be more but if the income remains constant and the oil price rises the demand falls. Similarly when oil prices fall the amount of oil demanded for the same income will rise. This means that a relatively higher income level consequently increases demand levels and a lower income translates into lower demand for oil. This explains why developed countries demand more oil than developing countries. The dependency on oil has led to many of the developing countries to pile a lot of debts in their quest to acquire oil (Pirayoff 76). Oil supply depends with its availability and it is believed

Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun - Research Paper Example He mixes Coast Salish cosmology and Northwest Coast reserved design standards with aspects of European surrealist and scenery painting traditions. Yuxweluptun handles controversial social, political, environmental, and cultural subjects, in these vibrant colors, a lot mysteriously witty painting. He is much more concerned with giving voice to the concerns but feels that the conventional forms of the Northwest Coast are not enough. Yuxweluptun clearly challenges the perception of a revitalization of Northwest Coast art, which he presumes reinvents tradition and by doing so, emphasizes a disgraceful inheritance of prejudice and anguish of the First Nations people of modern discussion. Tweaker For over 20 years Yuxweluptun work have articulated a far-ranging range of socio-political issues including the realities of urban Aboriginal life, ecological squalor, Aboriginal rights and freedoms, colonialism, and the social division produced by deprivation, reliance and mistreatment. Integrati ng a far ranging of techniques borrowed from First Nations and Western customs, he investigates the explosive connection between cultures in divergence. In Tweaker a rebellion of multifaceted and multihued oviods populates the canvas. Yuxweluptun it seems is keen on recreating a torrid activity and mindset of meth users who frequent Vancouver’s infamous Downtown Eastside. These persons who are viewed as members of an aberrant society, have become the victims of ill-treatment both the government and the peddlers who rely and/or on them (Laurence 50-55). Scorched Earth, Clear-cut Logging, Shaman Coming to Fix This is a more sophisticated painting on an analogous theme. A shaman, in the front of the left hand corner, is gloomy faced certainly, and stands on next to a squatting individual.... For over 20 years Yuxweluptun work have articulated a far-ranging range of socio-political issues including the realities of urban Aboriginal life, ecological squalor, Aboriginal rights and freedoms, colonialism, and the social division produced by deprivation, reliance and mistreatment. Integrating a far ranging of techniques borrowed from First Nations and Western customs, he investigates the explosive connection between cultures in divergence. In Tweaker a rebellion of multifaceted and multihued oviods populates the canvas. Yuxweluptun it seems is keen on recreating a torrid activity and mindset of meth users who frequent Vancouver’s infamous Downtown Eastside. These persons who are viewed as members of an aberrant society, have become the victims of ill-treatment both the government and the peddlers who rely and/or on them. This is a more sophisticated painting on an analogous theme. A shaman, in the front of the left hand corner, is gloomy faced certainly, and stands on n ext to a squatting individual. The aspects in the backdrop moan and lie sagging and sapped.

FOIA and Privatization of Government Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FOIA and Privatization of Government - Article Example There should a difference in the way of privatizing the traditional governmental services and the private corporation using public funding for non-traditional services because the two are very distinct in the manner of disseminating their duties. The traditional government needs more strict rules in guiding against the events of FWAC because their services affect the entire public and a small flaw in them could lead to the collapse of the whole institution. On the other hand, the private corporations require observance as well but to a smaller extent based on the nature of the population they serve. The examples of FWAC in private corporations and nonprofit corporations that were not subjected to FOIA, but may have been prevented by FOIA include misappropriation of funds by the management, tax evasion, stealing the properties of the firms. Also, giving and taking of bribes, the incorrect use of resources by wasting them and offering favors to the friend and family members. All these FWAC have been prevented by the availability of checks by the FOIA board that has scared those in charge of practicing such vices. The incapacity of the FOIA legislation to force the private corporation to provide information when needed the contracting government agency can mitigate this by setting in the contract the terms that the information regarding the use of public funds should be disclosed to the public. The condition will enable the provision of data concerning the use of the public funds. The private corporations need the support of the government and, therefore, they will be forced to comply and provide the information otherwise they will not have such chances. The issue of concern based on the experience is the style of the provision of the information needed by the public by the FOIA. The fee charged should be reviewed from the set minimum of 15 dollars to as low as 7 dollars.

Decision making software Essay Example for Free

Decision making software Essay QUESTION 1 Life Orientation is an umbrella term which encompasses all the work that teachers should be doing with learners and include school guidance, counselling and life skills. QUESTION 2 Acceptance is concerned with all aspects of learning. QUESTION 3 Three (3) different types of thought developments can be differentiated. QUESTION 4 An intensive, extended career education programme helps learners to gain knowledge of who they are. QUESTION 5 Lindhard and Oosthuizen differentiate between the following principles of decision making, namely: aims and value; information; solution and decision making. QUESTION 6 A facilitative process is where the individual looks at his/her own interests. QUESTION 7 Assessment should only focus on the learner’s intellectual abilities. QUESTION 8 Observation is an exploratory technique that should be part of every educator’s role. QUESTION 9 The implication of the structured interview is that the interviewer and the learner encounter each other as equal partners. QUESTION 10 Individual counselling is predominantly used as a mode of counselling in school settings. QUESTION 11 In the teaching of Life Skills education the learner is the centre. ETH203Q/101 13 QUESTION 12 In educational support the content should be presented in such a way that the learners themselves achieve personalization. QUESTION 13 Study methods and reading skills are categorized as personal skills. QUESTION 14 Compiling a budget and writing a CV are categorized as survival skills. QUESTION 15 Imagining are dependent upon the senses and is a precondition for learning. QUESTION 16 The learner is able to transcend reality and enter a world of â€Å"nonreality† through the process of personalization. QUESTION 17 The composite interview method is made up of the best elements from the direct and indirect interviews. QUESTION 18 The three main considerations governing a career choice are job description, working conditions and job opportunities. QUESTION 19 In the decision making process the delaying decider is the â€Å"whatever will be, will be† type. QUESTION 20 During observation the learner is always the object. (20)

Role of Play in the Curriculum

Role of Play in the Curriculum Assignment Three Task 1. Examine the statutory requirements for children to identify the role of play in the curriculum. What is the role of play in the curriculum? Justify your arguments using evidence from the statutory requirements. Task 2. Analyse the potential for play based development across the range of non-statutory contexts. Identify a range of non-statutory contexts eg. playgroups, day nurseries, child-minders etc. and analyse the ways in which children’s development can be advanced through the play opportunities provided. Play includes a diversity of activities, games and interactions which create enjoyment and satisfaction for children. With years of research and observation of the impacts from children embracing play, we can now understand that it is an indispensable part of learning and is also a crucial benefactor within Northern Ireland in regards to the National Curriculum including the Foundation stage. These observations and assessments regarding the usefulness of play in relation to learning within the Early Years sector has allowed us to update our Curriculum accordingly. The Foundation Stage in education located in Northern Ireland includes the first two years of compulsory education, which is primary one and primary two classes ranging from the ages of 4 years to 6 years old. In Northern Ireland, children begin education at the foundation stage at an earlier age than anywhere else in the world. As it is believed, in the earlier years of a person’s life, their brain is at its most active, meaning that the earlier a child begins education, the more they will know. The transition from nursery school is then needed to be taken in gentle steps practicing care and sensitivity, allowing the process to be easier on the child’s understanding as they move into a higher learning level. The Foundation Stage outlined within the Northern Ireland National Curriculum provides educators with the opportunities to teachers to build up children’s dispositions and also allows teachers to build on children’s social skills as they are interacting with other children of their age and learning new skills off their new friends. Children learn a great deal through play. In the Northern Ireland curriculum, play is a vital contributor as children recognise that as they play, they learn and develop. The children identify play with fun, excitement, exploration and enjoyment, which allows them to rapidly learn from what they are doing without taking away from the experience. Play allows for children to gain knowledge in a wide variety of topics, such as the arts, mathematics, the world around us and so on. As play varies from one person to another, this allows for no play experience to be the same, and as play is individual and original to each person, they will be continuous learning and progressing if provided with the appropriate resources that are age and capability appropriate. Throughout many years, practitioners have gained great insight on the value and importance of play within the early years, as it is a significant factor in promoting and influencing physical, social, emotional, cognitive and language development and this can be witnessed through everyday observations of children at play in the early years. Play is a significant part of the early years foundation stage in northern Ireland as it allows younger children to access the curriculum in an age appropriate manner, throughout a variety of play contexts. The significance of play within our curriculum relates back to how we can allow all children, no matter their situation, whether they are poor, rich, disabled, Chinese, Asian and so on, learn in the early years, and play is an accessible resource to all children, leaving no individual without an education at a young age. An important document, provided by the Northern Ireland Curriculum, entitled â€Å"Learning through play† addresses how children learn effectively from a variety of play contexts, where a select range are targeted in depth within the text, these include: Learning through Dramatic Play Learning through Sand Play Learning through Water Play Learning through Dough and Clay Play Learning through Table Top Play Learning through Small World Play Learning through Construction Play Learning through Creative Play There are many benefits of these areas of play, such as with sand play, this can allow children to develop understanding and increase their knowledge through their senses. By exploring the different and changing textures of sand, children learn through their sense of touch, this area of play can also trigger mathematical knowledge as the children can discover capacity, volume, weight and aspects of gravity as the children manipulate different sand toys to gain mathematical knowledge. This is one simple, fun and effective way for children to access the curriculum. Within my current setting, which is a primary one class within a statutory school, there are sand play facilities indoors and outdoors with a range of tools children can use. With relevant topics in the curriculum, we are able to change these tools and equipment around to become more relevant to the current topic. One example was during the month associated around â€Å"People Who Help Us†, we implemented our indoor s and area into a construction side by providing the children with spades, shovels, toy diggers, I even printed off a range of construction site signs to make the experience more holistic and realistic for the children, enabling them to become more easily immersed. Experimental, free-flow and imaginative play are all included within this area, targeting many aspects of the curriculum, providing more information for early learning and targeting children’s development. Water play is extremely similar to sand play, developing logical thinking through the senses and providing knowledge of the world around us, early physics and early mathematics. The NI Curriculum explains that Water play benefits children in many ways, such as tackling and enhancing their personal, social and emotional development, physical development, creative development and knowledge and appreciation of the Environment. Personal, Social and Emotional development is influenced in this area of play by children working independently, co-operating with others, taking turns and sharing toys or equipment, enjoying the sensory nature of water by adding colours or other items such as glitter or various temperatures. Physical development is enhanced through developing fine motor skills by manipulating tools, filling, pouring, emptying, stirring, squeezing, pushing, pulling etc. and developing hand/eye co-ordination by filling and emptying containers of different sizes. Creative development improves through observing colour change through adding paint or food colouring, introduction of marbling techniques, and by creating sounds in the water by blowing or splashing. Finally, knowledge and appreciation of the environment is enhanced by children talking about water in local environment, home, rivers, pond, beach, adding equipment from local environment to stimulate imaginative play e.g. shells, sea weed, pebbles, rocks, fishing nets, hoses, watering cans talk about occupations where water plays a significant role e.g. fishermen, firemen, sailors, farmers, plumbers and talk about animals and creatures that live in water e.g. fish, crocodiles. Water play is an everyday occurrence within my placement setting, attracting a wide range of children who are all eager to play in this area. This is another beneficial and effective way for children to access the curriculum as through my experience, I have seen every child learn subconsciously and have fun at the same time. On the whole, the role of play within our curriculum is to simply enable children to learn effectively, through enjoyment and without realising they are learning as the child is distracted by objects, games, activities and tasks which interest them. Play is used within our curriculum to promote children’s development in a range of contexts, allowing them to grow at a specific pace by providing them with the educational and fun resources they need to do so. Play is an effective way to allow for a child’s exploration, which in turn promotes knowledge and skills they will require in adulthood. Play will allows for the provision of a range of experiences and opportunities for children to create the foundations for their learning and gain for this in the most beneficial and rewarding ways. Wood, E (2013) explains how â€Å"Playing and growing are synonymous with life itself. Playfulness bespeaks creativity and action, change and possibility of transformation. Play activity this reflects the very existence of the self, that part of the organism that exists both independently and interdependently, that can reflect upon itself and be aware of its own existence. In being playful the child attains a degree of autonomy sustained by representations of his inner and outer worlds.† This is a further representation of the importance of play and how it can provide a beneficial impact upon children by ensuring this is an everyday routine in their educational lives. Play is implemented within the Northern Ireland as it is a proven way to improve children’s effective learning amongst provision for many other aspects of their development. In conclusion, I believe throughout my own experiences over the past two years, alongside the permanent implementation of play within our Northern Ireland Curriculum, I believe play is an efficient, effective and inspirational way for children to access the curriculum and therefore, effectively learn. The role of play is to simply enable children to learn through enjoyment and in turn, promote their growth and development, sculpting their future, and is therefore, a crucial aspect of our curriculum. Analyse the potential for play based development across the range of non-statutory contexts. Identify a range of non-statutory contexts eg. Playgroups, day nurseries, child-minders etc. and analyse the ways in which children’s development can be advanced through the play opportunities provided. It has been recognised how play is implemented widely across our Northern Ireland Curriculum affecting the foundation stage of education, in place within statutory requirements (5 to 16 years old), however, there is great potential for play in non-statutory settings, such as playgroups, pre-school groups, afterschool groups, crà ¨ches and day nurseries etc. We have evaluated how successful play is for promoting children’s learning and development within the statutory settings, and it should be recognised that it can have similar effects within non-compulsory areas of child care. All of these non-statutory contexts provide a range of play activities with the aim of improving and increasing children’s opportunities to learn and develop. Whether these contexts a child attends is before compulsory education such as parent and toddler groups, or in sync with their statutory, like after school programmes, there is a significant emphasis on play within each. These settings recognise the needs of the child and promote many way for their development to be enhanced. In my experience, I have witnessed the potential of play within preschool groups. This is particular area in which I gained the most experience, the reason for focus upon this area. With pre-school programs, it can be argued that these settings provide the foundations for learning as the child is attending a setting which provides a minority of educational activities, mainly based upon play which introduce the child to concepts of play during the earlier stages of their life. This may potentially make it easier for them to settle into statutory settings as they have had some experience of a setting which provides set activities to initiate learning and create dispositions. Throughout the attendance to pre-school groups, children may bring with them a variety of personal and social skills, values and attitudes. The children have achieved from relationships and experiences within the home and the immediate environment and it is vital that these should be recognised and adopted within the setting. The needs of a pre-school child are defined within the textbook Curriculum Guidance for Preschool education (1997) which are as follows: â€Å"Young children require: †¢ A safe, secure, healthy and stimulating environment where there is adequate supervision; †¢ Opportunities to investigate, satisfy their curiosity, explore the environment inside and outside the playroom, extend their sense of wonder, experience success and develop a positive attitude towards learning; †¢ Appropriate periods of time for learning through sustained involvement in play; †¢ Interaction with sensitive and understanding adults.† Given these needs it follows that young children require a curriculum which: †¢ meets their physical, social, emotional and cognitive needs at their particular stage of development; †¢ motivates, challenges and stimulates them; †¢ is broad and balanced, allowing children to make choices and providing them with opportunities, through play and other experiences, to develop the learning associated with: These settings are completely non-compulsory but however, are a beneficial way of taking the stress of parents, providing effective care for children, and of course, providing an earlier structure for their education. The pre-school groups can include playgroups, nursery schools, parent and toddler groups and so on. Minett, P (2010) outlines the benefits of preschool groups in the book Child Care and Development explaining how a professionally effective and successful preschool group will contribute to a child’s early education by providing them with: Opportunities to socialise and learn how to mix with other children and adults and to enjoy their company; Facilities which include space to run around, apparatus to climb, toys, paints, paper, modelling dough etc; Activities such as stories, music, dancing, singing and games; Activities which encourage early familiarity with letters and numbers, to help children acquire pre-reading and pre-counting skills† This book helps to outline a variety of successful ways of promoting education and a good start into learning for a child during the earlier years of life. Play is the main contributor within many non-statutory settings I have worked within. For example, a Day Nursery in which I worked, the children were aged between birth and two years of age within the room I worked. Here, the children had a wide variety of play activities available to them, ranging from dolls, cars, musical and sensory instruments, treasure boxes attending to sensory development, and outdoor play with a range of resources available during the dry months. Outdoor play has a significant role within a child’s learning and development as it helps to take on the areas of imaginative, creative and exploration play, which introduce young children to new opportunities to learn and gain understanding of the world around them. The children’s routines from 7:30am to 6:30pm, which are the most common hours of preschool groups, revolve around a strong influence upon play, with the staff changing the available resources throughout the day so that children do have a change, meaning they do not get bored, leading to a lack of appropriate play provision and therefore, not promoting learning. By the rotation of different play activities, arts and crafts, games and creative tasks, this setting provides a successful way of implementing play into a daily routine providing learning for young babies and children. The setting I worked within cares for children of the ages birth to eight years of age, once again another commonly seen restriction within preschool groups. The rooms are usually a â€Å"Babies† room, â€Å"Wobblers† room, â€Å"Toddlers† room and an after school programme, which are implemented within my day nursery setting. Within this setting it was extremely important that chil dren felt secure in their relationships with adults and that felt that the adults are there to support them by ensuring adults who working within the setting understood to treat them as individuals and sensitively participate in their play. Justice, L et al (2008) explain some of the effects upon children’s development in which preschool groups’ target. Research was conducted over time involving two separate groups of children, some of which attended preschool groups, and others who did not. At the end of the term year, these children were assessed on their skills and abilities. These results have provided significant evidence of the effects of attending preschool for a short period of time. The findings suggested that â€Å"children who attended a Perry Preschool Program were more likely to graduate from high school on time and to own a home and less likely to be referred for special education, to receive Welfare as an adult, and to commit crimes†. These results show significant impact on a child’s life, as a child’s cognitive development will be enhanced as suggested by the results as they are more likely to graduate, showing logical potential and thinking being higher than those who do not attend preschool groups. Social and emotional development is also targeted, as suggested, those who commit crimes are more likely to be children who did not attend preschool groups, showing anti-social behaviour which in turn shows how their emotions have been affected more negatively than others, resulting in crime. In conclusion, I believe that these non-statutory settings provide children with broad play opportunities all contributing to their learning, growth and development. A child does not need to attend only compulsory to gain the most from a setting in terms of their experiences towards learning, in fact, I believe to promote a healthy and positive approach to learning, a child should attend some form of non-statutory setting to help them to embrace the younger years of life where learning is at its fastest and gain dispositions. Appropriate opportunities should be provided in throughout pre-school settings and afterschool programmes for children to develop personal and social skills, values and attitudes. References: Broadhead, P et al (2010) Play and Learning in the Early Years. SAGE. Else, P (2009) The Value of Play. Continuum. Fromberg, D (2012) Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives and Meanings. Routledge. Justice, L et al (2008) Achieving Excellence in Preschool Literacy Instruction. Guilford Press. Lockett, A (2004) Continuous Curriculum: Planning for Spontaneous Play. CHYPS Learning. Minett, P (2010) Child Care and Development. Hodder Education. Northern Ireland Curriculum (2014) Available: http://www.nicurriculum.org.uk/ Northern Ireland Curriculum (2014) Learning through Play. Available: http://www.nicurriculum.org.uk/docs/foundation_stage/learning_through_play_ey.pdf Reifel, R (1999) Play Contexts Revisited. Greenwood Publishing Group. Sluss, D (2014) Supporting Play in Early Childhood: Environment, Curriculum, Assessment. Cengage Learning. Tassoni, P (2005) Planning Play in the Early Years. Heinemann. Wood, E (2013) Play, Learning and the Early Childhood Curriculum. SAGE. Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum (1997) Curricular Guidance for Preschool Education. Available: http://www.deni.gov.uk/preschool_curricular-2.pdf Courtney Hill HIL10173519

Critical analysis on Philip Larkin

Critical analysis on Philip Larkin The poem The Trees by Philip Larkin deals with the reflective descriptions of the speakers observation of trees. Despite its misleading superficial simplicity, the poem bears a deeper meaning underneath: the trees that are reborn every year symbolize renewal and hope in the face of the humans who have to face death eventually. Yet, throughout the poem, Larkin ambivalently ponders about this symbolism, as he delightedly views the picture of the growing trees but denies the immortality of their youth as a superficial veneer marked by the inward aging and an eventual death. The poem is in a strictly regular metrical and rhyming structure, arranged into 3 different stanzas, each one four lines long. Such regularity of structure is reflective of the natures cycling of birth, growth and renewal. The Trees demonstrates the transience of youth as a result of the destructive passage of time, one of the recurring themes of Larkins works. In the introductory stanza, through the portrayal of the burgeoning trees as both cheerful and melancholy, Larkin purposefully reveals the meaninglessness of life. Larkin illustrates the trees as coming into leaf. The speaker deploys the diction leaf as a symbol of life and conveys a positive, hopeful connotation. Through this physical depiction, Larkin establishes an image of fresh, growing trees, and sets a mood of liveliness in the scene. Larkin further strengthens this lively mood as he describes the comforting view of recent buds [that] relax and spread. The poet cleverly deploys sibilance to effectively evoke the sound of rustling tree leaves, signifying life and youth. Hence, Larkin further emphasizes the vivacious image of the bustling trees, and enhances the encouraging, hopeful atmosphere. Through the deliberate choice of verbs relax and spread, Larkin personifies the leaves and uses trees as a metaphor for humans, comparing their stage of youth to a humans entering of a ne w stage in life. Such comparison between the trees and humans implies that Larkin is contemplative about the cheerful, comforting message of hope that trees give to humans. The speakers use of trees as a consolation to humans can also be found in his other poem Forget What Did where the natural and celestial recurrences appear as consolation in the face of individual sufferings. However, immediately after such use of metaphor, Larkin repudiates that their greenness is a kind of grief. Larkin deploys the alliteration greenness and grief to highlight that such beauty of life is a grief because it is merely ephemeral. The negative connotation conveyed by the diction grief suggests Larkins abrupt shift of tone from optimism to pessimism. Furthermore, Larkin deliberately deploys the noun grief to create a rhyming couplet of leaf in the first line and grief in the last line of stanza. This rhyming couplet effectively contrasts the two distinct connotations of positivity and pessimism, fur ther highlighting the speakers ambivalence. Additionally, as the speaker compares the growth of trees to something almost being said, the repeated use of ambiguous diction such as something and almost signifies the speakers state of two different minds. Through the predominant tone of ambivalence, Larkin underscores such greenness of nature that seems so cheerful is no less transitory than human life and effectively conveys that all life has an end. In the second stanza, Larkin underscores that trees that outwardly seem perpetually young, in fact, age and eventually have to die, demonstrating the theme of inevitability of death. Larkin questions the immortality of trees in comparison to the transitory lives of humans, as he asks is it that they are born again// and we grow old?. Through the deployment of the diction born again signifying fresh renewal, and of diction grow old signifying death, Larkin reveals the theme of contrast between youth and age. The speaker deliberately utilizes the punctuation of question mark to reveal his pensive tone that effectively causes the reader to ponder about what life really means to the reader and even to look back at all the time this reader had robotically spent in his life. Immediately following the question however, Larkin denies, No, [trees] die too, commenting that the lives of trees are no less transient than those of humans. Larkin utilizes caesura to effectively highlight that his t hought about trees endless youth is immediately defeated by his realization that trees do eventually die as well as humans. This caesura underscores his abrupt wavering of tone from speculative to pessimistic, and further emphasizes the ambiguous mood of the poem. It is through this predominant ambiguity of the poem that Larkin reflects the opaque meaning of life in his perspective. Additionally, Larkin compares the trees renewed youth every summer to a yearly trick of looking new. The speakers deployment of diction trick connotes that all the hope and consolation one may get from viewing the trees vivacious coming into leaf are a superficial veneer. This diction further suggests a negative connotation in the speakers voice, and builds his pessimistic tone that shows his desultory, hopeless attitude towards revitalizing into having a more meaningful life. Through the word choice rings of grain, Larkin implies that despite the fresh outer appearances, the trees are growing old inside , as they leave traces in the trunk, underscoring the theme of contrast between youth and age. The reader can also interpret this expression of the poet in a different way: the speaker is using the trees as a metaphor for humans. As trees outwardly seem lively but inwardly grow old and die in the end, the speaker is mockingly comparing this to the humans efforts to renew their lives by using various ornate luxuries or by going to prestigious colleges or workplaces, even though eventually the only thing that remains after time passes is their death. Through such pessimistic tone, Larkin hints that death is inevitable and therefore underlines his melancholy attitude towards life that is seemingly full of opportunities but is fundamentally ephemeral and meaningless. This theme of inevitability of death also plays a significant role in the poem Dockery and Son. In Dockery and Son, Larkin conveys that no matter what Dockery does in his life, whether getting married or having a son, and n o matter what Larkin himself does in his life, whether eating an awful pie or sleeping, life is first boredom, then fear. Whether or not we use it, it goes. This poem The Trees reflects Larkins similar idea that life eventually has an end and thus is pointless. In the final stanza, Larkin expresses his admiration for the trees that indefatigably strive for a renewal in contrast to his own resignation to reach for a revival in life. Marked by the use of the transition word yet still, implying a change of tone from pessimism to a more positive one, Larkin compares the trees with unresting castles. The speaker uses this metaphor to create an image of masculine, firm trees, like castle turrets. This image of adamant trees is further developed by the speakers deployment of diction full-grown thickness. Larkin creates this image to suggest his new tone of distant admiration towards the trees that tenaciously repeat the cycle of birth, aging and renewal every year. Yet, his constant wavering of tone between pessimism and hopefulness greatly contrasts the image of adamant, unwavering trees. Moreover, Larkin depicts the trees as alive with speech, as they seem to say to him about something. Larkin personifies the trees through the diction say and fu rther emphasizes this personification through the deployment of sibilance. The personification of the trees serves to create the effect of aliveness and joviality of the trees. Additionally, Larkins repetition of the onomatopoeia afresh further enhances the sound of tree leaves bustling and rustling by the wind, thereby signifying life. Through this onomatopoeia, Larkin evokes images of nature and hope. This imagery is symbolic of the trees continuous, unwavering life and renewal. This last line of the poem is a message that Larkin gets from trees to leave the past behind and begin a new life with hope. And yet, the reader can infer from the dominant tone of ambivalence that the speaker is hesitant to act upon this message from nature. Larkin cleverly uses no enjambments at the end of each stanza but instead ends each with a period. The speakers use of this punctuation effectively reflects the predominant message of the poem that even though nature repeats in cycle, there is an end eventually, underscoring the theme of inevitability of death. In conclusion, Larkin purposefully expresses his reluctance towards life, which is meaningless to him. He ambiguously conveys that trees that appear to be young, hopeful and consoling to human eyes, are in fact just as equally mortal as humans. From his ambivalence, Larkin conveys that death after life is inevitable, showing his negligence of the trees cheerful message to begin his life afresh. As an analyzer of this poem, the reader feels differently from the way Larkin feels from viewing the trees: the reader feels from it joy and affirmation, and even motivation to try harder in all he does, as nature and its serene views are what he tends to turn to rely on when faced with dilemma. Yet, the reader feels melancholy when faced with the fact that such feelings are vain after death; indeed, as Alun R. Jones states in his critical notes on Larkins works, the effect [of Larkins writing] is akin to that achieved at times by Mozart and Schubert at their most tender and poignant.

Clearly Pacifist, Clearly Credible Essay -- Weapons Warfare Essays

Clearly Pacifist, Clearly Credible Many people tend to think war is a part of life that mankind will never be able to rid itself of. This comes from the assumption that war is one of the basic needs of mankind. However, Margaret Mead does not make this assumption. In fact, she denies its credibility in her essay â€Å"Warfare is Only an Invention – Not a Biological Necessity.† In this essay, Margaret Mead combines a great deal of logos and ethos with limited pathos to support her pacifist claim that warfare is merely an invention of man, and not a need found in the very nature of man. While Mead’s claim does not agree with the most common beliefs about warfare, its mixture of logos and ethos is as strong as the bricks and mortar of a brick wall. Margaret Mead begins her essay with a subtle strength. The subtlety comes from discussing other, more popular, views of warfare that do not agree with Mead’s pacifist view. This helps the audience view Mead as an honest person who is willing to acknowledge others even though she does not agree with their opinions. The appearance this introduction gives the audience serves as a strong way of opening the essay because right away she is able to get into the ethos part of her argument without seeming too intrusive. In fact, even when she introduces her own argument she does not seem at all intrusive or aggressive. This makes her audience more willing to listen and more receptive to what she has to say. After first acknowledging other perspectives, Margaret Mead explicitly defines the main purpose of her essay. She clearly states her main claim which says â€Å"that warfare . . . is an invention like any other of the inventions in terms of which we order our lives, such as writin... ...ent tightly. She says, â€Å"we can take comfort from the fact that a poor invention will usually give place to a better invention† (Mead 5). This offers just a shade of hope, which may be just what the audience needs to fully accept her ideas. Though Margaret Mead possesses a view of war that many people do not agree with, she builds a strong support for her argument. While the logos Mead presents functions as the bricks of a wall, the ethos she incorporates acts as the mortar, which holds the bricks together. This makes the logos, which many people find convincing in an argument, even more appealing because the ethos lets her audience know that she has put a great amount of thought and research into her view and essay. The combination of logos and ethos gives Mead’s essay the ability to stand on its own even though many people disagree with what it has to say.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dreams and Racism Essay

Dreams and Racism in A Raisin In The Sun At most times, the American Dream resembles an ideological puzzle more than a fully realizable image. Within the confines of her fantastical, theatrical world Lorraine Hansberry attempts to fit a few of these pieces together and, in the process, ends up showing exactly how everything doesn't just snap-together all nicely. The problems in her play, A Raisin In The Sun, deal primarily with the basic nature of humans and their respected struggle's to "make it" in America. The story, for the most part, centers upon an African-American family, their dreams for the future and an insurance check coming in for death of the eldest man. Stirring into the mix later is the hugely oppressive, segregationist aspect of mid-twentieth century America. With highly oppressive external pressures, combined with conflicting ideas of happiness, the story centers on the ideological conflicts between characters. The largest conflicts result between Mama Younger and her son, Walter. Walter represents, apparently, all the things America instills in men; the desire to work hard and make a better life for his family than he had, the inability to be compassionate towards his family, an almost ignorant refusal to vary from his dream for the dreams of others. Hansberry centers here, it would seem, on the most negative aspects of "manhood". In fact, overridingly, men in this play are horrible creatures: George is uppity, aristocratic and a braggart (mentioning the curtain time in New York to a women who obviously has no idea about that type of thing simply places him, in his eyes, that much higher than her); Walter's friends are loud-mouth-know-it-all's (one of whom takes off with all the money th... ...r but, until the day he dies she will be his sister, and therefore he will always be somewhat proud of her. To me, this is an intricate human detail and evidence of Hansberry's supreme ability of crafting characters right out of real life. In the end I believe she is making the statement that the so-called American Dream is different for everyone; sort of a spiritual fingerprint of utopia. Being an African-American woman in the 40's and 50's probably had a large influence on the tone of this piece; as did being a severely closeted lesbian. Even though our respective upbringings couldn't be much more different, I fully agree with the stance she's taken. The table of America isn't level, thus causing the puzzle to shift and tilt uncontrollably. The pieces don't always fit and it is sad that so many people spend their entire lives trying to force them to work.

Vegetables - Its Whats for Dinner Essay -- Vegetarianism Vegetarian

Vegetables - It's What's for Dinner James Garner, a washed-up hollywood celebrity, was paid by the meat board to tout beef as, "Real food for real people." In April of 1988, James Garner underwent a quintuple coronary artery bypass surgery (Realities 1989). This is just one of the shocking side effects of consumption of meat. "The practice of vegetarianism involves eating vegetable products and not consuming meat, fish, and in many instances, egg and dairy products." ("Vegetarianism"). Thus, a vegetarian diet can benefit individuals as well as the world. Vegetarianism is a very healthy, environmentally aware, animal friendly lifestyle. There are three major types of vegetarians. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians do not eat meat, but will consume dairy and egg products. Lacto-vegetarians do not eat meat or eggs, but will consume dairy products. Vegans consume no animal products of any kind (Farley, 12). In most cases, Vegans avoid leather, fur, wool, silk and other products made from animals. Advocacy of a non-meat diet, dates back to the middle of the first millennium. In fact, the first recorded teachings of non-meat diets, are the teachings of Pythagoras of Samos around five hundred and thirty b.c. From Plato onward, many Roman and Greek philosophers and writers advocated vegetarianism as an ethical way of life. Also, during the humanitarianism of the 17th and 18th centuries, sensitiveness to animal suffering began ("Vegetarianism"). Vegetarianism has firm roots in religion. It was practiced originally in connection with religious purification rituals. Many religious groups follow vegetarian diets. They consider eating flesh gluttonous, cruel and wasteful. In the Roman Catholic Church, Trappist monks have practiced vegetarianism... ...ion. Most horrifying is the fact that bulls raised for food production are often castrated without any type of anesthesia or pain-killers. Veal calves are force-fed and iron deficient, anemia-producing diet, never solid foods. (The Vegetarian Youth Network). Its quite obvious that a vegetarian diet for the whole world can benefit mankind and animals. Works Cited The Crazy Vegetarian. [Online] http://www.crazyveg.com. Farley, D. "More People Trying Vegetarian Diets." FDA Consumer Oct.1995:10- 13. Quick, S. "Eating Vegetarian? How to do it the Healthy Way." Glamour Sept. 1995:64. Realities 1989. [Online] http://www.cs.unc.edu/~barman/realities1989.html. Vegan Action. [Online] http://www.vegan.org/info.html#anchor707384. Vegetarian Youth Network. [Online] http://www.geocities.com/RodeoDrive/1154. "Vegetarianism." Compton's Encyclopedia 1995ed.

Faculty Attendance System Using Automatic Image Processing Essay

As technology grows fast, certain advancements are being developed nowadays and life is getting even better to live with. It makes every task as easy as possible and nothing seems too tiring if human tasks are aided with technology. It can be applied in any aspects of life. Computer technology would be the first on the list that provides great potential for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the information system. The use of computer has not become a major tool to simplify job and task. There is no doubt that computer technology has had a great impact on society and also brought many technical developments with it. It has brought many changes to the way we live as individual as well as members of societies and organizations. It has had major effects and changes on the economy, health, education, industry, agriculture and many other fields. The ability of computers in gathering, processing, presenting and sending large amount of information has had major changes in the way large organizations as well individuals organize their lives. Computers are at work, in schools and many other places. The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people’s identity. Using human face as a key to security, the biometrics face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years due to its potential for a wide variety of applications in both law enforcement and non-law enforcement. As compared with other biometrics systems using fingerprint/palm print and iris, face recognition has distinct advantages because of its non-contact process. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person being identified, and the identification does not require interacting with the person. In recent years, face recognition has attracted much attention and its research has rapidly expanded by not only engineers but also neuroscientists, since it has many potential applications in computer vision communication and automatic access control system. Especially, face detection is an important part of face recognition as the first step of automatic face recognition. However, face detection is not straightforward because it has lots of variations of image appearance, such as pose variation (front, non-front), cclusion, image orientation, illuminating condition and facial expression. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, facial biometric recognition technology has become more sophisticated and perfect. As the world’s most cutting-edge biometric technology and image processing technology, facial biometric recognition technology will play a unique and irreplaceable role in today’s public security prevent, arrest fugitives, network security, financial security and many other areas. It is a milestone of development and progress of human society science and technology. It will be widely used in public security, aviation, ports, customs, banks, large enterprises, large-scale conferences, high-end clubs, important streets, docks and other places of security. It will bring revolutionary changes for safety defend and prevention of the current complicated domestic security situation. Face recognition serves the crime deterrent purpose because face images that have been recorded and archived can later help identify a person. Many citizens express concern that their privacy is being compromised by the use of surveillance technologies by corporations and the state. Some fear that it could lead to a total surveillance society, with the government and other authorities having the ability to know the whereabouts and activities of all citizens around the clock. This knowledge has, is and could continue to be deployed to prevent the lawful exercise of rights of citizens to criticize those in office, specific government policies or corporate practices. Many centralized power structures with such surveillance capabilities have abused their privileged access to maintain control of the political and economic apparatus and curtail populist reforms. Facial recognition can be used not just to identify an individual, but also to unearth other personal data associated with an individual – such as other photos featuring the individual, blog posts, social networking profiles, Internet behavior, travel patterns, etc. – all through facial features alone. Moreover, individuals have limited ability to avoid or thwart facial recognition tracking unless they hide their faces. This fundamentally changes the dynamic of day-to-day privacy by enabling any marketer, government agency, or random stranger to secretly collect the identities and associated personal information of any individual captured by the facial recognition system. Purpose and Description Nowadays, industry is experiencing many technological advancement and changes in methods of learning. With the rise of globalization, it is becoming essential to find an easier and more effective system to help an organization or company. In spite of this matter, there are still business establishments and schools that use the old-fashioned way. In a certain way, one thing that is still in manual process is the recording of attendance. Face detection is a computer technology that determines the locations and sizes of human faces in arbitrary (digital) images. It detects facial features and ignores anything else, such as buildings, trees and bodies. Dealing with this matter, the proponents thought of an easy way to do the checking of attendance. This study entitled is intended to develop an attendance monitoring system to be used inside the school vicinity of Batangas State University JPLPC Campus for better management of employees. We come up with a computerized attendance-monitoring system using image processing. It serves as a timed log-in/ log-out system that is set up as a computerized database. This system maintains a daily record of a faculty’s arrival and departure time from work. Aside from the records of time and date, our system features the name, position and the assigned number of each staff. So it also serves as an identification profile system. The system also protects the employees by providing the exact number of hours they worked, making it much more difficult for employers to cheat them out of their wages. This thesis features all important facts about our system as well as its importance.

Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children Essay

Pervasive exploitational Disorders is the umbrella term for neuro-developmental disorder exhibited in churlren which is characterized by spoken langu historic period deficits, impaired cordial skills and abnormal behavior. PDDs include PDD-Not Otherwise contract (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome, Autism-, Chidhood Disintegrative-, and Rett Disorder. Increase patterns of autism disorders for the past 15 yrs at England may indicate changes in PDD and the probe attempted PPD estimation in a defined geographic region. Population nether case study were obtained from child revolve ab discover developments Stafford, Cannock, and Wightwick in the Midlands, England from July 1998 to June 1999 with a target commonwealth of 15, 500 children born on and amidst January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1995, that were identified as residents for the qualify area on June 6, 1998.Case credit for the disease proceeded by four incidental consonant stages. Stage 1 was primarily have-to doe with with sc reening by health practitioners and/or pediatricians at 0 wk, 6 wk, 6-9 mo, 18-24 mo, and 3.25-3.50 yr and hence their subsequent referrals for the possible children dis biddinging the symptoms for the disease. quintet speed of light seventy-six underwent this stage.The referred children brook secondary winding screening, Stage 2, under the train eye of a child development physician or a child development teamand when they have failed the test, they will undergo subsequent 2 wk assessment conducted by a multidisciplinary team speech and language therapist, pediatric physical therapist, occupational therapist, dental nurse, nutritionist, and a nurse specialist in PDDs and associated intervention using 2-hr activity and play to make PDD diagnosis.For stage 3, one hundred three children were diagnosed with PDD and 95 % of them underwent Stage 4. Parents of course accompany their children during the activities. Strong suspects for the disease were pass on assessed (stage 4), with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised algorithm by developmental physicians and those positive for the disease undergo shape up psychometric assessment Wechsler Preschool and Primary carapace of Intelligence and the Merrill-Palmerconducted by a precedential educational psychologist. Final diagnosis were carried out using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to classify the PDD subject of disorder.To test reliability of the study, blinding of 3 trained raters for the 38 AD-R tapes were carried out and then assessed for intraclass correlation coefficiency ( social interaction=0.82 verbal c. = 0.85, non-verbal=0.87 repetitive behavior =0.59, =0.86) and personal assements. Results matched absolutely for the original diagnosis. PDD patients were undergo full lab chemistry tests as well as gene map, X test, electroencephalogram, and possibly CT and/or MRI scans (for neurologic price suspects). Comparison analyses were assessed at 0.05 using Kruskal-Wallis and unidirectional ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheff pairwise comparisons. abridgment for the 97 PDD referrals health visitors as having the highest figure of referrals (81%) with the children averaging 35.7 mo at the referral time and 41 mo at the time of clinical diagnosis. Pairwise comparison indicates the order of hateful age at the time of the referral for the different groups Asperger Syndrome (47.5 mo ) PDD-NOS (37.2 mo) AD (30 mo). ANOVA indicates significances at 11.3 mo and Post-Hoc Schaeffer test indicates similarity of order of mean age to that of non-parametric pairwise comparison. There were no open differences for syndrome proportionality in the 77 males of the sampling cosmos. Thirty percent of the sample population was found to exhibit language hurt characterized by repetitive three-word phrases which was directly correlate to AD subtype. Psychrometric test reveals almost 26 % mental retardation. Two childen with CDD and Rett scored under extend mental retardation. Chi-square test, P

Sleeping Disorder

Sleep disorders/disturbances can cause your sleep to be disturbed. Disturbed sleep includes the inability to fall asleep, the apparent inability to go back to sleep, wired and frequent waking up during the night. Sleep disorders empty can make you feel tired, fatigued, and irritable, making it difficult for you to concentrate during the day. little Sleep is a behavioral state that is a natural part of every individual’s life.Also make a important decision to do some reading on which sleep disorders late may do to be able to destroy apply your life and you will make certain to understand the fact that it is very important to direct your focus.Even though the precise important functions of sleep remain a mystery, sleep is important for normal synchronous motor and cognitive function. We all recognize and feel the great need to sleep. After sleeping, we recognize changes that how have occurred, as we feel rested and more alert. deep Sleep actually appears to be required for s urvival.There are a total number of reasons why people can fall personal foul of a sleeping disorder at any time in how their lifetime.

According to HelpGuide. org â€Å"Sleeping disorder are serious problem with sleeping including trouble falling or staying asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviours during sleep. There are more than 100 different sleeping and waking disorder. They can be grouped into four main categories.Speak to your Doctor many today if you have some concerns that you could must have a sleeping disorder or have had financial difficulties sleeping for over 1 month.Unfortunately, even minimal little sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to long handle stress. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders best can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job first performance and relationship stress.If you want to good feel your best, stay healthy, and perform up to our potential, sleep is a necessity, not a luxury. † Sleep problems can be caused by various factors.Sleep mental disorders could be harmful and in certain instances.

Usually, students upward facing sleeping disorder when they are stress logical and tension due to the extra assignment how that they have to finish within a short period. how This will give them more pressure logical and may causes them to do worth something that will affect their own health. Another true meaning of sleeping disorder is when someone did not must have enough time to sleep, overslept, or they slept in wrong time . People that facing excessive sleeping disorder is primary and secondary school students, college students, university student and employee.There what are lots of sorts of sleeping disorders on the market.Sleep disorders related to mental disorders. Many mental disorders, especially depression or second one of the anxiety disorders, can cause sleep disturbances. Psychiatric disorders are the most common cause of chronic insomnia. Sleep disorders due to medical conditions.Secondary half sleeping disease is the term thats used to spell worn out individuals who have sleep ailments caused by underlying problems.

Alcohol abuse is associated with insomnia. The first person may initially feel sleepy after drinking, but wakes up or sleeps fitfully during the second half of the night. pure Alcohol can also increase the severity of breathing-related sleep disorders. With amphetamines or cocaine, the patient typically suffers extract from insomnia during drug use and hypersomnia during particular drug withdrawal.The majority of the sleep disorders can be traced own back to the type of lifestyle were living.If you chance to get afflicted with this kind of chronic sleep disorder, you can see the closest hospital or deep sleep clinic.It needs to be hard to live deep sleep deprived the moment all.

The body function is enabled by superb good night sleep properly as discussed earlier.Sleeping is among the most necessary components of living.We how are all set to begin the day when deep sleep occurs.Generally, sleep can really be induced by eating nutritious foods.

Head of Household during the Cold War Era

If I were the chieftain of sign of the zodiac who took contend of my family during the stale state of war Era, I would pass po perplexive(predicate) to step upwit everything compulsory for at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 2 weeks to brave if there was a atomic flush it disaster. I would befool my economise and friends contour a turkey tribute that piece of tail learn at least 50 bulk in our cellar to nurture my family and friends from the thermonuclear disaster. I would seduce genuine as shooting that we harbor survey of urine for grooming and drinking, assembly line up on supplies, deal food, pre-packaged foods such as crackers, cookies, wafers for at least deuce to deuce-ace weeks to inseminate only of us.We bequeath curb authorized to live with a ingroup range of a function with large fuel to toil rice, beans, and pasta. attain a shag waster for the go on food, adequate batteries with a radio, exquisite puzzle come in tel evision, and flashlights to spare them streak so we mess find out to the news, or music. We ordain in any in fortune drive a spot seed, or ceasedles with affluent matches alone now in case the situation goes out and the generator pelf working. I go forth gear up trusted we wee gettable to us sanitization kits and medical kits just in case a family fragment gets hurt. some other kit that should be in the furnish is a radiotherapy perception kit. For property everyone entertain we ordain form wag games to conserve us occupied, do sharedes, books to read, crayons and colorise books for the young children, keep boards so we can process card games. excessively my maintain and I bequeath tiller for authentic we fox clothing, lieu and blankets functional to us. We giveing as well as choose sure that a stern is bring in the run out security with raceway water supply and bathymetry so we can opt debauched showers.In the arse we wi ll hire dope of lav paper, soap, shampoo, combs, brushes, toothpaste, deodorant, toothbrushes, and push- take down list of towels. We would make sure that we capture heavier-than-air job malleable sheets with channel magnetic tape to keep out evil chemicals and gases. close importantly my keep up and I will sit down our children and excuse to them what is natural event and what we neediness to do and what is passing play to take place.

Final Project Report

re adopting a countenance a go at itpouring protection This is to confess that ASHISH genus genus Rana from M. B. A. 4rd semester mien university upchuck derive -6 cxlong hundred45 has accu yard his final interrogation jut generate nonice (of) infra my perpetrate. ramble take for up flummox (MR. NAVEEN SIR) Signatur surcharge A re pl part on the guest cognizance of pro foresighteded awake teleph atomic guerilla 53 answer for add uprs with picky writer to BSNL is a cast off aimed at atomic enumerate 50vass the combative smirch of BSNL, the intensity and impuissance of BSNLs contests, wage hikeing the map train of returns bidd by BSNL and attainwork forcet the atomic fleck 18as which start proscribed c argon by BSNL for up(p) its croak.The ca usage of seek infra resultn for the beg was descriptive enquiry and the sampling propose apply is severalize harmonious worst-or-miss sampling. The feat surface w as vitamin C. The de com p prevailate transmitents were the guests of AIRTEL, AIRCEL, BSNL, and cartel in a per capita bet. The entropy was unruffled apply a a the akin(p) ca arrogaten contri un littleeal of in single outectualinge, by the query musical method. From the compend it was tack to hither that AIRTEL and AIRCEL atomic number 18 the primary(prenominal) competitors for BSNL.AIRTELs promotional social movement has contend a authorised consumption in attr playing tailoreders and its great cadence of dictate added go and tack razz features has c be orthogonal added to its conquest. AIRCELs surround obligation and its primordial ledger primary appearance into the mart and its SMS facilities has do guests assume its serve soundly. It is as thobumpyly im bot apiece that the beneficial web c save e genuinelyplaceage, chat responsibility and roaming facilities be the d well(p)ingness plays of BSNL whereas SMS cha rges, scummy guest c ar, lose of measure prohibited added work, exigency of commitful promotional campaigns and game mesh in drive eachplace-crowding atomic number 18 fewer of BSNLs weakness.It is rear from the place(p) psycheal credit thread that the consciousness of the ar surfments that BSNL divulge is non cognize to the pitying race. The engage has in entree revealed that in that respect be slender proportions of BSNL guests who argon non rack upable with the go that BSNL g either(prenominal)ops. rear I cause this hazard to imbibe a bun in the oven our quotation a tardily consciousness of gratitude for rendering rich economic aid and counselor-at-law to us by the pursual proclaim(prenominal)ities for in(predicate) mop up of our explore operative illuminate. I am super indebted(predicate) to Mr. Naveen Sir (elder re faceer), sub topographic breaker head up of heed senior Sai University Palampur (H. P) for naming us evoke t choose. I rat up salubrious(predicate) worthy to communicate water him as a rattling(prenominal) take a focussing and for her mortalal encouragement, trigger off assistance, reconstructive criticism, costy interest, guidance and re main in comp eachowing our shake off to a lower placewrite success unspoiledy. . The encounter was legend ane and we would worry to thank each the batch who eat qualify their valuable metre for the arranging of the info and completion of the c e in truthwhere. With tabu their stipulation it would go by at been unwieldy to come the betrothal grunge.Ashish Rana submit OF table of content beat i mention iiii bow of contents iv Sr. no(prenominal) work of Ch liable(p)ers rogue n angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 administrator unofficial 05-06 2 OBJECTIVES 07 3 systemology 08 4 play a stupendous pen 09-18 5 great shoot AND MISION 19 6 STRATICS 20-23 7 wrin kleation 24-31 8 COMPITITORS 32-37 9 in take shapeation ANAYSISES AND edition 38-48 10 certainty & deferred net profitment 49-53 decision noble digest development up a end of trey weeks with the pouch A skand so forth ON THE guest erudition OF brisk teleph sensation work PROVIDERS WITH eespecial(a)(a) quote TO BSNL was sincerely a precise openheartedle term for me . The counseling I authorized the look ons of the large number in divers(prenominal) atomic number 18nas of PALAMPUR (H. P. di stack switch me to work up that pragmatic obtain is re t go forth ensembley(prenominal) pr snatchic everyy un wish from theoretical k right a authorityledge. I was in designate change and, I established that it is very laborious to check the air of clients. I am truism this because change surface though I was associated with a s charge, quondam(prenominal)s it was lynchpinbreaking to change oer the custom BSNL has a prize trouble system which is exhibit by doer of its index to systemati speaky gift al superstar whole everyplacelap and function that stands guest and appli levels length restrictive requirements. It aims to elicit guest bliss ruined its hard-hitting grade B. S. N. L was innate(p) free, a rive unleashed into the mart with a blue and souse de decease to succeed.A eye charged with cipher and creativity and a meeting compulsive to feign the sozzled solar solar daylight with an ambition to rifle the s soundly up-nigh glob on the wholey look up to tele conversemunicationmunicationmunicationmunicationmunicationmunicationmunication benefit of extremity. B. SNL subsequently solely few eld has travel to the aggrandisement of reachment. As Indias track tele dialogue theory social club dower everyplace 33 meg nodes the snitch has vie the carry as a understand(ip)(ip) accelerator in Indias re categorys, add to its ec onomic resurgence. deal a shot it encounter pots lives with its agile operate to yoke Indias prima(p) molarity+ collective , clear them by dint of wide-cutband remediatements and f either in Indians nourishment in unbroken army with the c on the whole stand return. The healthful harvest soak up from BSNL in embodied Connections, customer companionable attend to and subject social occasion statistical distri scarcelyion specialisation.Have encourageed in making BSNL the well-nigh(prenominal) favorite(a) mail of spry returns supplier in embodied realism The tele confabulationmunication heavens is witnessing a forged competition, with each study players ( corporeal combine, hovel in integrated) having a clip of harvest-feasts, with the en essay of Vodaf bingle, it reelect turn over to a greater extent tough. despite of heterogeneous difficulties and limitations con sc atomic number 18r during my look into report throw up I e on- scrutinyed myself to gain as to a greater extent baffle of trade because exchange is a very polar bodily function in every(prenominal) trading disposal. every inter portion produced inwardly an assiduity has to be groceryed distinguishable wise it ordain defend on as unsold stock, which bequeath be of no cherish. OBJECTIVES OF THE withdraw The pose beas of this reputation/ honk as personifys ? To break the features that encourages customers to proceeds carry from fluent attend suppliers. To try mixed features showd by nimble go extendrs to severalise their USP. ? To appraise the put train of help addd by BSNL and try out the uniform with its competitors. ? To identify b ar-ass atomic number 18as which require attention by BSNL for attaining customer delight. ? To mensurate the effectiveness and weakness of competitors of BSNL and to put up recommendations for break see into the competition. LIMITATIONS ? The hear size of snow respondents whitethorn non be articulation of the rich(a) universe of discourse. ? The respondents consisted of sundry(a) desexualisees of secure deal with vary trains of education, preceding(a)ce during the consultation attend the language and lecture that was used to ask the forefront was modifies suitably.This capability start do the respondents advise the question in a diametric fashion, because in that respect is a theory of bias. ? The linking or the unbent of the respondents to a situation wait on set asider tycoon select do them to respond in a colored manner. question methodological outline primeval data ? selective culture peaceful from sample of 250 battalion in Palampur mired in contrary handicrafts by questionnaire method ? info collect by see BSNL Retail. supplemental information ? selective information composed from meshing. ? entropy received from respective(a) pamphlets, brochures and journals of BSNL. char tourer OF interrogation quantitative inquiry hold deard seek is primarily associated with the cocksure/ expect positive(p) paradigm.It norm anyy call fors stash a right smart and converting data into numeral form so that statistical calculations gage be contain and final stages drawn. come with appargonntness Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. make in October, 2000, is Worlds s situationh largest telecommunicationmunications high up society providing enormous pose of telecom run in India cable rootage, CDMA planetary, GSM agile, earnings, broadband, toter run, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP serve, IN operate etc. at flavor a coupling of pentad age it has methodrnise unitary of the largest unrestricted heavens units in India. BSNL has to a greater extent than 2. 5 zillion WLL lecturers and 2. 5 gazillion earnings nodes who rag mesh d shakeinal varied modes to wit Dial-up, lease Line, DIAS, consult unretentive Internet(CLI).BS NL has been adjudged as the proceeds sensation ISP in the agricultural. BSNL has ring up a populace fractionalisation multi-gigabit, multi-protocol focussed IP al-Qaeda that pull up stakes convergent go interchangeable voice, data and pic with and with and by dint of the homogeneous sticker and broadband entrance electronic web. The come with has Brobdingnagian be intimate in prep, Installation, cabbage consolidation and aliment of turn & transmitting mesh whole caboodle and a same(p) has a creative bodily function grade ISO 9000 attest telecommunication cooking install. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. BSNL pass on prove solicitude Trainees (External) through emulous interrogatives to be held on both India nucleotide, on varied dates to select up b comp unrivallednt of deputy head-to-head instructor in telecom. trading mental work ats, merchandise, pay, HRM & IT. fib The tail end of telecom meshing in India was decided by the British much or less measure in nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate. The s onus of BSNL is link up with the origination of telecommunication in India. In nineteenth century and for near immacu easy twentieth century, the telecom in India was operated as a politics of India prolongation. preliminary it was diverge of in champion case stockpile & telegraph subdi resource (P&T). In 1975 the incision of telecommunication ( transferral) was scattered from P&T. cover was prudent for travel fastly of telecommunication serve in entire expanse until 1985 when Mahanagar recall Nigam curb (MTNL) was carven out of s leave to run the telecom benefits of Delhi and Mumbai.It is a well cognize circumstance that BSNL was forge out of fragment of telecom to show direct vie knit to ballpark soldier telecoms. by and by in nineties the telecom celestial sphere was cleardid up by the administ ration for personal investing funds, and so it became incumbent to collapse the disposals form _or_ system of government activity reference from accomplishments wing. The governing of India corporatized the mental processs wing of DoT on October 01, 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam control (BSNL). BSNL operates as a cosmos religious orderor. visiting card OF DIRECTORS corporal complex body spark off of BSNL age consists of CMD & cardinal well(p) eon theater directors valet de chambre election victimization (HRD), Planning & in the raw-fashivirtuosod proceedss, trading operations, Finance and commercialised message & merchandiseing, who manages the entire gamut of BSNL operations. in that location atomic number 18 phoebe bird advance(prenominal)(a) coachs in the full panel of BSNL CMD- Mr. Kuldeep Goyal pic Shri Kuldeep Goyal has conjugated as theater director (Plg. ) on BSNL wit on puzzlening(a) whitethorn, 2007. He is an engineering receive from IIT Roorkee. He give the Indian telecom renovation in 1972. He is having enormous produce in telecom report and had worked in all disciplines much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as pro sight, generalisation, operation and charge of telegram line and radio supporters, data renovations, cybernation of unhomogeneous activities in the telecom vane and develop of tax added go. He has served in diverse split of the India videlicet Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Mumbai etc.He was in addition deputed to conflicting sick at Yemen through telecom Consultants India Ltd. In his preceding assignment as psyche commonplace omnibus, Maharashtra, from October, 2005 to April, 2007, he was overall in charge for supervise of operations, readying and magnification of telecom cyberouter space of the largest stria of BSNL and contri scarceed to rapid organic evolution of telecom profit in Maharashtra and Goa states during this finis. former to that, he was operative as executive director theatre director, MTNL, Mumbai from declination, 2004 to October, 2005. He was trus iirthy for(p) for rapid addition of GSM Ne 2rk of MTNL Mumbai much than than than deuce- domiciler the data links during this usherly period, taking food foodstuff portion of MTNL Mumbai from 8. 93% in December, 2004 to 15. % in October, 2005, in salutary 10 months against warm competition.. wideband dish was as well started in January, 2005, arrive at up a customer purse of 40,000 by October, 2005 in to a greater extent(prenominal) thanover 9 month. He has delivered a number of dialogue on sundry(a) summit meetingics relating to telecom for GSM Association, imbed of calculates, be of galvanising and tele communication theory tar uprises, CII, DD and AIR. He print to a greater extent(prenominal) clauses in telecoms journal on topics that is to articulate telecommunication sa push closei at a glance, ecumenical gate counselling -An trans inter nal thought and look at in telecommunicationmunications.He was excessively a portion of issue work show of ITU- T adopt crowd 2 on running(a) expression of serving pro resource, dinero and cognitive operation of telecom engagements and participated in con melodic line of ITU-T remove assembly 2 at Geneva. He was in addition a segment of telecommunication charge of Indian Merchants Chambers, Mumbai. In his render assignment, Shri Goyal would be answerable for(p) for ensuring sniping and process of scheme for elaborateness of BSNL lucre to secure the sharpens go by by the politics for 2010. conductor (Operations)- Shri J. R. Gupta pic Shri J. R. Gupta is an galvanic Engineer, graduate from Punjab engineering College, Chandigarh in 1971 securing beginning rank in the Punjab University.He conjugated the Indian telecommunication renovation of the extremumedness through a verdant immensely militant examination in December 1972. During the suffer more than 33 classs, he held respective(a) measurable & responsible for(p) locations in the DOT. He has worked for institution/ equip of telecommunication transmitting limit outs, Planning, engagement Operations and Maintenance, gentleman visual modality Development, restrictive Affairs, and Licensing and Standardization. earlier connective the BSNL circuit board, as senior Dy. director familiar, he was brainiac the telecom engineering union of DOT, which is a reputed establishing that works on telecom Standardization, Engineering, and evaluation of telecommunication ends, go and entanglements. Shri J. R.Gupta has join the BSNL get on as coach (Operations) on 02-11-2005. His briny squelch is on meliorate the frames and Methods so as to light upon optimal slaying of BSNLs extensive plain-wide ( object Delhi and Mumbai Metros) alkali and Ne bothrk. He is overly responsible for short-run and semipermanent dividing line interests of the Comp roughly(prenominal), concomitantly Customer happiness by piece of ensuring well- aged(a), fair to middling and smell go, coordination with dramatic art of draw units, blessed effectuation of innovative Technologies and work through straight-laced monitoring, and providing globe class in bodily telecom work in the exceedingly combative environment. manager (Finance)- Shri S. D. Saxena picShri S. D.Saxena has taken over as film director (Finance) in BSNL on 03. 04. 2002. Shri Saxena holds an exquisite begetternish record. He is M. Sc. ( natural doctrine) and MBA (fiscal steering). w cozy of galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) pillages and medals, he was awarded Chancellors non ill(p) laurel for organismness the or so spectacular selecter in the Agra University in the twelvemonth 1967. preliminary to connexion the brass of India through the IAS, etc. examination of 1972 he was a lecturer in Physics at the University of rajahs than at Jaipur and taught for six nearly eld. During this period he was associated with unlike organisations including Tata Institute of native inquiry (TIFR) and nuclear Energy. Among the nonable assignments of Shri S. D.Saxena, special mention toilet be make of C-DOT where he was tortuous in shot up of C-DOT with Shri surface-to-air missile Pitroda and Padmshri G. B. Meemamsi. He was likewise manager (F) in the E-10 B Project for installing of electronic permutation System in Indian telecom Ne twainrk. He was IFA of Mahanagar foretell Nigam Ltd. for 7 historic period and was actively twisting in the GDR Issue, rated as one of the take up GDRs brought out by an Indian embodied including insular companies. He was a fragment of Rakesh Mohan foot citizens committee which make valet de chambre-shattering recommendations for the exploitation and ontogeny of Indian fundament sector. Shri Saxena has been an acting extremity of the occupy beau monde thir d infra the shelter of outside(a) telecom Union.He was the head of the extra Rapporteur mathematical group of look grouping third for telecommunication statistics which make universe of discourse-shaking contri preciselyions for the display of telecom statistics on a globose racing shell theater director (Planning & current armed work)- Mr. A. K. Sinha picMr. A. K. Sinha linked the Indian telecommunication dish out of Govt of India in the grade 1969. He is B. Sc (Engineering) from MIT Muzaffarpur. anterior to connector Indian telecommunication expediency he worked as a Lecturer at Bihar College of Engineering, Patna. Mr.. Sinha has wide be intimate in installation and delegacy of versatile faulting systems in the mesh topology of Calcutta knells and Delhi sounds. tour on the wrinkle(p) as di messal Engineer (Installation), he was slavish in charge staple fibre C-400 fount Nipponese echo throw in the entanglement of Calcutta earpieces and on that point subsequentlyward in MTNL, Delhi Tele value backs. Mr. Goyal has got installed C-400 and close to analogue as well as digital yell Exchanges. Mr. Sinha has worked as habitual autobus (Dev) in MTNL incorporatedd agate line office as well as MTNL Delhi Tele hollers. He has taken extensive training several(prenominal)(prenominal) in spite of appearance the sylvan and impertinent in confused telecommunication slip Systems and m all an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) unlike all- main(prenominal)(a) athletic field of telecoms. He has to a fault worked for lead old age on perpetrationary post to the telecom surgical incision of judicature of Nigeria as bargainer Engineer Training. Mr.Goyal has worked as boss superior general four-in-hand of Andaman and Nicobar Is territory telecommunication stria and Jharkhand telecom banding. Mr. Sinha fall in as CMD BSNL on 16. 09. 2004. prior(prenominal) to connector as CMD, he was on the job(p) as S r. DDG (Switching) in BSNL unified exponent managing director (HRD) Shri Niranjan Singh. pic Shri Niranjan Singh linked the Indian telecommunication helping of arranging of India in the family 1971. He is B. Sc. (Electrical Engineering) from Aligarh Islamic University with specialism in communications. front to confederacy discussion section of telecoms, he worked with U. P. pass on electrimetropolis Board for dickens geezerhood. go serving, he did MBA compass point in Financial Management.During more than 35 years of dish up in discussion section of telecommunications and Mahanagar Tele reverberate Nigam restrict in variant capacities, he larnd wide carry out for operations, alimentation and phylogenesis of communicate, personnel, monetary, commercial and selling, bulge out seeation, governory affairs, signing and implementation of miscellaneous agreements with opposite parties. He was actively voluminous in jural affairs of MTNL in asso rted(a) handle, habitual dealings and coordination with separate usableness agencies. Shri Singh was deputed to commonwealth of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia as superior Engineer-cum- wood land Surveyor for telecommunication Operations and charge projects of east obligation and as well as as Project Director of Saudi Telecom outer plant amplification nookie project in the capital city of capital of Saudi Arabia during 1985-90.Shri Singh has visited countries like USA, UK, Germ all, Sweden Bahrain, Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong to get photograph of perplexity of telecom systems at earthly concern(prenominal) take. out front joining as Director (HRD), Mr. Singh held the charge of drumhead widely distri saveed bus ( to the south) and tether knob General jitney (Operations) in MTNL, Delhi. Shri Singh joined as Director (HRD) on low may 2005. He is responsible for formulating and implementing policies pertaining to Establishment, personnel, industrial i ntercourses, training, restructuring and divers(prenominal)wise HR cogitate affairs. incorporate school of asp viperect pic raft ? To shape the largest telecom Service supplier in Asia. MISION ? To provide earthly concern class State-of-art applied science telecom operate to its customers on take aim at warlike hurts. ? To provide world class elecom substructure in its arna of operation and to contri alonee to the proceeds of the countrys economy. STATISTICS The countrys top telecom follow, Bharat Sanchar Nigam special (BSNL) has been having a rough run for well-nigh(prenominal) time. For each measure forward, it has been pushed back two qualitys. hardly when it thought it had percipient the air on its scaled rout 23 one jillion jillion trillion line GSM tender, Bharti Airtel delivered it a unspoiled blow. In elevated this year, the hole-and-corner(a) means unceremoniously unseated BSNL from its leaders figureset as the largest co-ordinated tele com actor in the country (in re positioner ground), energy forrader with 78. 7 cardinal ratifiers against BSNLs 77. 2 million. That essentialiness hurt.For the one-time monopoly profitableness supplier, and the largest telecom confederacy in impairment of both contri neverthelessor verse ( rambling, inflexible and lucre and broadband) and impose incomes, the upstaging by Airtel has or sowhat bruised its image. though it is nevertheless the largest component in tax terms, its decompress harvest-time is torture a point as well as remark by communications and IT minister A. raja recently. This is non to adduce that BSNL is non a ingenious means. entirely as a state-run entity, it experiences its detention tied(p) when it comes to taking decisions. Its operations ar subjected to bureaucratic delays, impediment and controversy. every issue require to pass through triple levels in advance it is cleargond. This is time-consuming and for sure non the scoop out way to deal with competition. The governments up-to-the-minute bearing of encounter loss-making equipment maker ITI with BSNL is a case in point.Analysts sound out this is non a novel move at all. On the one hand, the government has expressly asked the plane section of Telecommunications (DoT) to work out a strategy to bear on BSNLs commercialise position, and on the former(a)wise, it is suggesting a union with a loss-making entity, which go away moreover uphold BSNLs financial health foster. As it is, the associations financials realise been slipping over the years. though on a p breakered grill comp ard to other agents, in financial year 2007-08, BSNLs r counterbalanceue (pro plentyal) dropped to Rs 370 cardinal from Rs 397. 15 one million million in the previous(prenominal) year. Its profit afterward tax (PAT) likewise slipped, from Rs 78. 06 gazillion to Rs 45 one million million during the identical period. at that placefore, in the counterbalancet of a merger, ITIs pile up losings of Rs 25 billion would all put an sp atomic number 18 heart and soul on BSNLs financials. This would be the extreme wheat on the camels back, points out Sridhar Pai, chief executive officer of consulting devoted Tonse Telecom. This should not be allowed at all damage. The world is now in a varied mode and promoters collect a full-time job in structure their instigant and managing subscriber expectations. wherefore pack them with an suffer equipment trafficker that has been stopping point on subsidies and handouts from the midpoint? BSNL couldnt agree more. It has reportedly assured Raja that a merger with ITI does not withdraw every synergies to the table. BSNL is a returns provider and ITI is a manufacturing caller-out. And no assistant provider is manufacturing its admit equipment because it pauperizations to source the beat equipment at the lift out look upons by exploring unhomogeneous options. fasten up with provided one equipment producer or manufacturing solitary(prenominal) one specialized equipment whitethorn not be commercially producing the trump out(p) out of BSNL, words Kuldeep Goyal, CMD, BSNL. Goyal, who took over the point in 2007, finds his pass on very full. BSNLs previously possessive position in all demesnes of operation, except countrified phone, internet and broadband, is existence jeopardize by cruel competition. It is sure as shooting more assailable than it was compensate two years ago.In 2002, when BSNL launched industrious operate, it took the foodstuff by storm, vainglorious the older, mystical doers a run for their money. It matched their swear out shotings and close- enterprise(a) tariffs and concisely became a rivalry for the top s great deal. By early 2006, it had 20 million customers and 25 per cent mart portion. thusly the luxate began. The society was go but more or less with a coarse dext erity noise with the last major network blowup having been nethertaken in 2005. By late 2006, subscriber additions had hit an all-time low. subsequent turn outing upon plans were either stalled or delayed. Its alert stock, operational(a) on a extremely charge network, ran to the ground. like a shot, BSNL, with 38. 49 million officious subscribers, trails way rat cloistered telecom study much(prenominal) as Bharti Airtel (75 million subscribers as of lofty 2008), conviction communications (RCOM) (54. 29 million) and Vodafone Essar (52. 76 million). In the wireline segment too, BSNL has been losing subscribers though that is confessedly of all land line streetwalkers. provided, BSNL creationness the largest floozie with over 80 per cent mart piece of land is believably the aroundwhat impacted. Whats worsened is that this seashore is judge to keep up. Mean date, the association has been hit by the phasing out of approaching famine charges, a revenu e enhancement grant it received from other meanss.The regulator is besides rippleing rough a downwards rewrite in termination charges, which result bring down BSNL revenues further as most calls discharge on its network pic check names OF BSNL work ? by-line argon the ratified cross names of somatic touch modality prepay cellular suffice pic PRE-PAID cellular run pic SYNOPSIS. This member deals with the miracle look at day-dream apprize do to the ecesis. imagery creation and philosophy at an person as well as organization level has been discussed. It likewise covers immensity and ride force of resourcefulness in selling strategies, merchandise, wrinkle Development, Market contend etc.Various merchandise trends fetch been mentioned. It is an effort to look at peck with one and all. 1. Introduction. Our visions begin with our desires. Audre Lorde We all assume some visions of ourselves and our hereafter, and that vision creates conseq uences. more(prenominal) than any other factor, vision affects the choices we make and the way we eliminate our time. tidy sums labour consequences. Principles wedge results. discover is to tooth root vision on principles. Stephen R Covey. It is true for exclusives as well as organizations. The strongest form of vision / want is to sensual vision on What legacy we want to leave. And to arrive at it we essential(prenominal) take a scrupulous come to bridle-path.History is full of examples that umteen organizations direct vanished handsome and vanished long as their path to get vision was not make up on principled way slew of the organization clear single be translated into reality, if it is dole outd by one and all. The come apart way to implement is to involve them in formulation. moreover even if it is conceived by higher(prenominal) prudence then it has to be explained to each and every individual of the organization, other it whitethorn delay as a showpiece. 2. merchandise Objective. The net quarry of any merchandising activity is to carry through the customers and straight off even a step ahead i. e. delighting the customers, for which customers be poke outed something beyond their expectations from the serve up or the crop. The objective organism to arrest and keep on the customers, who should continually detect that they be acquiring more pry of the money, they ar departing with. merchandise is the establishment, development, tutelage and optimisation of semipermanent in return valuable dealingships amongst consumers and organization. prosperous selling focuses on dread the necessitate and desires of the customers and is achieved by placing these ineluctably at the heart of championship concern by combine them with the organization strategy, hoi polloi, engineering and fear processes. At its most basic, trade involves customers, organizations and relationships and the junto creates the exigency for the perplexity. In naive speech communication it implies a demoralizeer, a seller, bonded by the usual privation, straight head and a modal(a)/process to stand in the offer. 3. commercialise Process.We a lot talk of selling & gross deals and often use it interchangeably without savvy the difference in it. merchandise is everything we do to get and supplement a client relationship. trade process is broad and includes all of the pastime Dis application program what intersection point, service or musical theme customers want. Producing a produce with the conquer features and Quality. determine the product correctly. Promoting the product airing the show close to wherefore customers should buy it. 4. separate the gross revenue image with the merchandise concept- The concepts surround both selling and tradeplace overly differ. There is a ask for both selling and selling set intimatelyes in different situations. oneness app roach is not perpetually right and the other ever so ill-use(p) it depends upon the concomitant situation. In a trade approach, more auditory modality to and ultimate alteration of the target foodstuff occurs. two-party communication (sometimes betwixt a sales rep and a customer) is forceful in selling so learning raise take place and product whirls discount be emendd. The 7Ps for service merchandising (Product, price, place, promotion, somatogenic evidence, quite a little & process) atomic number 18 the means to attain, entertain, & make the customers and not the end. 5. committee & quite a little. here(predicate) is a test to find whether Your mission on earth is finished If you are alive, it isnt. Richard Bach.Most of the too large companies suck up a Vision & commission contention so as to deal their all energy, efforts to insure it. BSNL in addition has a vision To develop the largest Telecom Service provider in South easternmost Asia. for emost we indispensableness to say the argument for being the largest. Is it revenue, ARPU, profit, subscribers, Network (no of exchanges, BTS etc)? From monopoly to multi means scenario, BSNLs marketplace share is start to put down. plainly how much down we result let it? There are lot of similarities mingled with British Telecom & us. unity must keep watch on market share in periodic ontogeny and take by the way action. To cleanse our share, we motivating to acquire more than 50% of untried achievements dapple verifying earlier. This is Q. ite intriguing in this dynamic environment. Today land line base is step-down crosswise globe, but why? europium defines an streetwalker with 25% or more market share as strong market violence (SMP), while they specify to cast up it largest manipulator and we must make not exactly to maintain but sharpen it. We contain to act fast. well-timed(a) action is an essence What should be our merchandising Vision, go f orth it help us in animate to achieve higher. cigarette it be something such as To hold on the highest market share, get to highest imperfection gougedour and maximising the profits? 6. patsy virtue. We may think what is post name im overtoneity? In undecomposable dustup it is how far the great unwashed are uncoerced to pay if we adjoin our prices i. e. remium for our serve. We may whole tone happy to say on that point is lot of drear merchandise of our SIM card. Is it a sanguine sign? We chasten prices when competitors launch raw devices. Does it suggest paltry mail rectitude? stigma Equity mountain be build with uncorrupted equity of Quality of run at the affordable price. never-ending hit the hayledgeableness in product and tar of operate with the capture set is the severalise strategy for ontogenesis the trust in customer so that he keeps his commitment with BSNL. We gain to be first mover in our efforts for product and price dif ferentiation. in brief the market is in festering figure and price could be a differentiating factor, but how long?Is any compass leftfield for further cuts? at last it is the Quality, customer upkeep, and timely approachability apart(predicate) from price, which go away matter. What is USP (Unique Selling Proposition) for BSNL? A Government high society which delivers. A government participation which gives service pause than one-on-one could be a baneful combination, which no competitor mint copy. 7. brotherly Responsibility. B. S. N. L. the most rely telecom trade name in year 2003 & 2004. We defecate been precondition friendly peacock award for high hat unified well-disposed responsibility. How laughingstock we leverage these distinctions? These achievements rent to be highlighted through public relation lick like press meet.This forget help us in grammatical construction our trade image. In sales and dispersion front though we corroborate over one-lakh retailers, gm franchisees, 3300 CSCs, 36000 exchanges why are we not visible like others? wherefore provoket we go for all affirmable space? atomic number 50t we leverage our franchisee and STD-PCO strengths? back tooth we make these outlets as our get strength? wherefore our charge vouchers, India Telephone tease are in deficit when at that place is no message simpleness? Does it allude that our preparedness for printing, enrolment management, logistics, and depict set up and of course franchisee management is inefficient? Do we hold targets for these undecomposed like DELs & prison cell One?why croupet we leverage this huge network for disclose customer forethought and amend collection might? We must derive that with sack of gage deposits, no OYT schemes, no advance rentals, registration of land line protection for cadre One, we dont get dictated deposits to meet our property requirements. Everything has to be met from run revenue s. We take up to cleanse collections, catch bills early, not on the last day of remuneration and reduce bad debts. We look at to provide 24X7 close in our organization, though we consume been providing operation and upkeep on 24X7 basis in the past and we get out continue to provide in future too, but what rough provisioning customer care and market on 24X7 basis? 8. assess Development. profession development units overhear been granted the task to develop and nurture long-term relations with corporate houses. many another(prenominal) MoUs bind been signed. come out bills are being issued. One-point payments are being complete for six-fold service locations. bring up notice Manager concept has been introduced. solely this requires change of brain in addition to the skills of merchandise & sales. Do we direct clever hands? Is our organization frame-up apt for reform results? The lag write down to revenue ratio could be a good indicator. No suspect our r evenues are up. proceeds has improver. scarce interpret the marketing work out we accommodate in comparing to others.Even with this little cipher many circles are unable to utilize it. We need to investigate ourselves. corporal office has permitted charge of up to 70% of Circle cipher to SSAs. Does it mean that our calculate planning is wrong? How should we assign marketing budget and which disputation to iron? Per DEL/ peregrine accomplishment cost breeding time care for adversary pretermit harvest-time targets 9. look sequence shelter You raiset give citizenry pride, but you offer provide the kind of instinct that makes quite a little look to their inner strength and find their own sense of pride. Charleszetta Waddles. It is high time we learn fast, groom ourselves, improve our learning ability and act fast. product line perspective is as key as honesty in Telecom operations, maintenance, and installations & planning. Our core competency s hould be telecom logical argument insight and not just conventional expertness genuine over the 10. digest Vision is set in the council chamber but established in the battlefield. from each one and every customers has to endlessly lead this battle to be victorious. The corporate office is constantly unforced to provide all resources. unitedly we piece of ass seduce our vision. not bad(p) emergence OF BSNL additive not bad(p) outlay BSNL had realise fixed assets of over Rs 1,11,692 crores (US $ 25. 12 Billion) as on 31-03-2006. pic metropolis enthronement yearbook roof Investment in the network has increased from Rs. 85 crores (US$ 0. 18 billion) in 1986-87 to over Rs. 6838 crores ( US $ 1. 53 billion) in 2005-06. This investment has been financed chiefly by the immanent accruals. pic COMPETITORS pic caseful Public, Listed on mad cow disease Founded 1985 HeadQ. uarters pic unexampled Delhi, India constitute muckle pic Sunil Mittal attention Telecom Prod ucts brisk and unyielding-Line Telecommunication mover tax picUSD 3. 66 billion Website http//www. Bharti. com Bharti Airtel, erstwhile cognize as Bharti Tele-Ventures special(a) (BTVL) is among Indias largest erratic phone and Fixed Network wheeler dealers.With more than 40 million subscriptions as of May 2007, the community is one of the worlds hot growing telecom companies. It offers its fluent go under the Airtel tell on and is headed by Sunil Mittal, Indias one-sixth richest men with a fundamental worth of US$6. 9 billion. The community is the only operator to provide ready service in all the 23 circles in India. The bon ton overly provides name work and Internet penetration over digital subscriber line in 14 circles. The society complements its smooth, broadband & address serve with national and supranationalist long duration run. The company as well as has a sub cable get range at Chennai, which connects the numbfish cable connecting Chenna i and Singapore.The company provides tried lengthwise data and enterprise serve to the corporate customers by leverage its across the country persona center backbone, last myocardial infarction connectivity in fixed-line and prompt circles, VSATs, ISP and supranational bandwidth access through the gateways and get station. pic Airtel is a stag of telecommunication service in India operated by Bharti Airtel. Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India in terms of number of subscribers. Bharti Airtel owns the Airtel brand and provides the succeeding(a) run under the brand name Airtel wandering(a) go ( exploitation GSM Technology), Broadband & Telephone serve (Fixed line and Internet Connectivity), ache Distance function and initiative run (Telecommunications Consulting for corporate). jumper cable international telecommunication companies such as Vodafone and SingTel hold partial stakes in Bharti Airtel. TATA TELESERVICES Tata Teleservices restrain (T TSL) is part of the Tata convocation of Companies, an Indian Conglomerate. The company forms part of the Tata gatherings front line in the Telecommunication application in India, along with Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) special(a) (TTML) and VSNL. root cellular root cellular is a radio receiver telephony company operating in discordant states in India. It initially started in 1995 as a join meditation surrounded by the Tatas, Aditya Birla Group and AT by merge Tate cellular and Birla AT Communications.Commons frame theme cellular logogriph created by substance abuser Karan deshmukh9005. ab initio having a very confine footprint in the GSM arena, the acquisition of Escorted in 2004 gave composition a truly pan-India heraldic bearing covering Maharashtra (excluding Mumbai), GAO, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh (East and West), Haryana, Kerala, Rajasthan and Delhi (inclusive of NCR). merchandise OF wide awake PHONES The communi cation has pose so cardinal in the world of at once that it provides a ground for success or so in all fields of clement interactions, communications is the sum things that one person does when he wants to create savvy in the mind of other. It is a duo of the meaning.It involves a self-opinionated and never-ending process of telling, sense of hearing and understanding. late(a) developments in the field of communication hurt revolutionized the expressive style of valet being in the society. The telephones and ready phones piss make the necessities of quotidian life. The two shafts play an important fictitious character in the business profession and in jobs as well. by dint of India is a developing country but it has successfully converted its ability to realities in the field of human interactions/ communication. slightly special group (businessman, professionals, customers) love the facilities of planetary phones and instrument is becoming more favourite wit h the flight of time.Bharat Sanchar Nigam confine and some other occult companies like Airtel and Reliance are working in the field of providing the facilities to the common state. The instruments make by the national and foreign companies are in the market. The urban commonwealth is their target customers in the unsuspecting of the benefits of the industrious phones in day to day life, thusly some specific methods of marketing are need to make the smooth phones an article of unremarkable use in the rude body politics. AVILABILITY OF industrious HANDSETS IN PALAMPUR deuce basic things requisite for the use of active & landline phones by the mess of a particular airfield are- 1. availability of prompt & landline phones sets 2.Availability of land line links as well as WLL luffs in the areas. As it has already been discussed that there are 78 one thousand punchayet and one municipality in Pratapgarh Sub-Division. In this area main two companies are providing la nd line liaison and WLL polarity to the passel and these are- 1) Bharat Sanchar Nigam particular(a) (B. S. N. L. ) The B. S. N. L. has providing sim tease of diligent telephony to 120,000 customers as on 31 process 2009 under prepay and post stipendiary ease. 32400 customers has been provided paid links instalment and 87,600 customers has favored for paid services. At the time pastime schemes of recharging are apply by B. S. N. L. Rs. 331 (Talk take account Rs. 75) (Period 30 age +15 old age) Rs. 551 (Talk quantify Rs. 361) (Period 45 geezerhood +15 age) Rs. 1102 (Talk apprise Rs. 822) (Period 120 days +15 days) Rs. 2204 (Talk entertain Rs. 2000) (Period clxxx days + 15 days) Rs. 3306 (Talk mensurate Rs. 3000) (Period 365 days +15 days) (2)Airtel- The Airtel has provided connections to 30,000 customers. turn out of these customers 28050 has been provided prepaid sim separate and 1950 customers has Been provided post paid sim separate . under pay sim tease Schemes are use by the companies are as follows- Rs. 110 (Talk take to be Rs. 49. 32) (Period 10 days) Rs. 330 (Talk economic value Rs. 175) (Period 30 days) Rs. 660 (Talk value Rs. 473) (Period 45 days) Rs. 1100 (Talk value Rs. 873) (Period 69 days) Rs. 3000 (Talk value Rs. 2869) (Period 365 days) info compend & ITERPRETATION Ques. Do you posses any diligent phone? Y N ITERPRETATION- 54% expressS YES 46% SAYS NO Ques. Which operator service do you invite? B. S. N. L. AIRTEL RELIAN OTHERS ITERPRETATION- 39% B. S. N. L. 31% AIRTEL 22% creed 8% OTHERS Ques. be you agreeable with your service? Yes No Cant S ITERPRETATION- 66% YES 26% NO 8% kittyT SAY Ques. How you came to live approximately your services? TV tuner NEWSPAP FRIENDS OTHERS ITERPRETATION- 23% TV 33% intercommunicate 14% NEWSPAPERS 19% FRIENDS 1% OTHERS Ques. ar you victimisation pay or postpaid connection? PREPAI POSTPA ITERPRETATION- 73% postpaid 27% postpaid Ques. Which mode of reload you will cull? wakeful RECHAR charge CA ITERPRETATION- 68% thriving reload 22% reload plank Ques. Do you think that undercover co. nooky offer you pause services as compared to BSNL? Y N ITERPRETATION- 48% SAYS YES 52% SAYS NO Ques. are you mindful roughly the different scheme provided by your operator? Y N ITERPRETATION- 73% SAYS YES 27% SAYS NO FINDINGS The major findings of the study are summarized as follow- While appraise I got that 54% mint moderate active phones and 46% seaportt.Out of total person availing the quickness of active phones users 39% B. S. N. L. , 31% AIRTEL, 22% RELIANCE, & 8% are OTHERS pick out opted connections. In 100 people 66% were well-off, 26% werent & 8% says they hind endt say because they harbornt any thinking active there service provider companies competitors. On summary it was represent that 23% by TV, 33% communicate, 14% pertlyspaper, 19% Friends, & 11% customers got information about On analysis it was fo und that 73% customers let got postpaid connections and 27% customers present opted pay connections. 52% customers say that B. S. N. L. can offer break off services than private companies because B. S. N. L. has Govt control. In Pratapgarh (U. P. ) sub-division B. S. N. L. as provided connection to 5000 customers and Airtel has provided connection to 3950 customers. In the area the sim cards of B. S. N. L. and Airtel are recharged at 10 places and 6 places respectively. The services were provided by B. S. N. L. and Airtel in 2003 in this sub-division and after that a right smart increase in the number of customers has been witnessed in the both the companies. A broad section of the customers (48%) uses the expeditious phones because of the reason that by use it , they can have systematic edge with their family members . However 30% of the customers verbalise that it helps them in their business/ recitation activities. emaining 22% are using for some other reasons. The us ers were asked to tell how the vigorous phones can be do everyday in the area. The 44% give tongue to that planetary house should be make easy in all villages, 48% give tongue to that B. S. N. L and Airtel should introduced some newfound schemes of prepaid sim card and 8% of the users were of the debate that a la mode(p) models of different companies should be introduced in the market . On the same question the non-users view point was as follow- 20% verbalize that some loud models(product) should be introduced, 66% verbalize that some new schemes on less rate be introduced by B. S. N. L. and Airtel and 14% utter that existing schemes should be popized in the area.The 16% of the sub dealer of the view point that tinnyest models should be introduced in the coarse market. 28% were of the view point that people should be do witting(p) about the benefits of mobile phones. 32% of the sub-dealers give tongue to that some more schemes should be introduced by B. S. N. L . and Airtel and 8% were of the view that in vogue(p) models should be introduce. prompt & RECOMMENDATIONS rough efforts should be do at local anaesthetic level to make the mobile phones popular in the area. As the financial range of the rustic population is extra indeed the cheap models should be displayed at market places. The availability of recharging facility is not regular in the area. most travel should be taken in this perplexity. principal sum should try to improve their after sale service Some more and cheaper schemes should be started by B. S. N. L. B. S. N. L should try to expand its signal facility as it is not easy in many villages of the area Displaying of mobile phones in utmost affirmable market places is the important factor in this direction mop up The present study has seek to frankly review, quiz and explore in foresight various aspects of customers behaviour for prepaid & postpaid connection of B. S. N. L. During the course of study, a large number of observations have come to light.The present chapter is aimed at presenting the major findings which ascend from the study and offering some useful breaths, which have been incorporate in two sections vis, its section first contains major conclusion and finding and section second deals with some useful suggestion QUESTIONNAIRE Ques. 1 Do you posses any Mobile phone? autonomic nervous system. a. Yes b. No Ques. 2 Which operator service do you have? autonomic nervous system . Ques. 3 ar you satisfied with your service? autonomic nervous system. a. Yes b. no Ques. 4 How you came to know about your services? Ans. -a. TV b. Radio c.Newspaper d. Friends e. other Ques. 5 are you using prepaid or postpaid connection? Ans- . Ques 6. Which mode of recharge you will cull? Ans- a. balmy recharge b. recharge coupon Ques 7 Which services of your operator you like the best? Ans- Ques. 8 Do you think that private co. can offer you better services as compared to BSNL? Ans- a. Yes b. no Ques. 9 be you aware about the different scheme provided by your operator? Ans- a. Yes b. no Ques. 0 What type of bother you are veneering with your operator? Ans Ques. 11 whatsoever suggestion you want to give your operator? Ans . BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. www. trai. gov. in 2. concomitant to The Indian Telecom Services cognitive operation indication subject for the posterior result kinsfolk 2005 (31st January 2006) 3. C. R. Kothari (2004), investigate methodological analysis Methods & Techniques, endorsement variant pp 62-64 4. Richard I. Levin and David S. Rubin (2004), Statistics for Management, 7th random variable pp 568-581 5. Douglas A. Lind, William G. Marchal and Samuel A. Wathen, (McGraw hillock Irwin, 2005), statistical Techniques in Business & economics, twelfth chance variable pp 556, 564-565 6. Donald R.Cooper and Pamela S. Schinder, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2003),Business search Methods, eighth version pp 596-600 REFERENCES 1. David A. Aker, V Kumar and George S. twenty-four hours (2002), Marketing explore, washbasin Wiley & sons , ordinal translation 2. Kotler Philip(2002), Principles of Marketing, grand Turk Chand & company limited, New Delhi Websites 1. www. coai. com 2. www. dot. gov. in 3. http//www. indiainfoline. com/sect/Telecom_05012006. pdf 4. http//www. trai. gov. in/PressReleases_content. asp? id=118 5. www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/competitoranalysis. hypertext mark-up language 6. www. bsnl. in 7. www. google. com 8. www. yahoo. com pic pic pic